Davenport Emily R
a Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA.
Gut Microbes. 2016;7(2):178-84. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1155022.
A major goal of microbiome research is to identify the factors that determine bacterial composition within and upon a host. Environmental factors are thought to play a large role, such as diet in determining gut microbiome composition and moisture in determining skin microbiome composition. The role of host genetics, however, has been a source of debate in the literature. Recently, we examined the association of host genetics with human gut microbiome composition in the Hutterites, a population that lives and eats communally. We identified heritable bacterial taxa and host genetic loci associated with their abundances. In this addendum, I put these results into a broader context along with other recent studies of microbiome heritability, and synthesize common themes that appear across organisms and tissues, such as the relatively small extent genetics plays compared to environment and the role of host genetic variation in immune response and barrier integrity.
微生物组研究的一个主要目标是确定决定宿主内部和体表细菌组成的因素。环境因素被认为起着很大的作用，比如饮食在决定肠道微生物组组成方面，以及湿度在决定皮肤微生物组组成方面。然而，宿主遗传学的作用在文献中一直是一个争论的来源。最近，我们研究了宿主遗传学与哈特派人群肠道微生物组组成的关联，哈特派人群共同生活和饮食。我们确定了可遗传的细菌分类群以及与其丰度相关的宿主基因位点。在本附录中，我将这些结果与微生物组遗传力的其他近期研究放在更广泛的背景下，并综合了在不同生物体和组织中出现的共同主题，比如与环境相比遗传学所起作用相对较小，以及宿主基因变异在免疫反应和屏障完整性中的作用。
