Menon Shalini, Gupton Stephanie L
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Neuroscience Center and Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2016;322:183-245. doi: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.10.002. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
Neural connectivity requires proper polarization of neurons, guidance to appropriate target locations, and establishment of synaptic connections. From when neurons are born to when they finally reach their synaptic partners, neurons undergo constant rearrangment of the cytoskeleton to achieve appropriate shape and polarity. Of particular importance to neuronal guidance to target locations is the growth cone at the tip of the axon. Growth-cone steering is also dictated by the underlying cytoskeleton. All these changes require spatiotemporal control of the cytoskeletal machinery. This review summarizes the proteins that are involved in modulating the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton during the various stages of neuronal development.
神经连接需要神经元进行适当的极化、引导至合适的目标位置以及建立突触连接。从神经元诞生到最终到达其突触伙伴，神经元会不断重新排列细胞骨架，以实现合适的形状和极性。对于神经元向目标位置的引导而言，轴突末端的生长锥尤为重要。生长锥的转向也由潜在的细胞骨架决定。所有这些变化都需要对细胞骨架机制进行时空控制。本综述总结了在神经元发育的各个阶段参与调节肌动蛋白和微管细胞骨架的蛋白质。
