Maday Sandra, Twelvetrees Alison E, Moughamian Armen J, Holzbaur Erika L F
Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 638A Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6085 USA.
Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 638A Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6085 USA.
Neuron. 2014 Oct 22;84(2):292-309. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.10.019.
Axonal transport is essential for neuronal function, and many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases result from mutations in the axonal transport machinery. Anterograde transport supplies distal axons with newly synthesized proteins and lipids, including synaptic components required to maintain presynaptic activity. Retrograde transport is required to maintain homeostasis by removing aging proteins and organelles from the distal axon for degradation and recycling of components. Retrograde axonal transport also plays a major role in neurotrophic and injury response signaling. This review provides an overview of axonal transport pathways and discusses their role in neuronal function.
轴突运输对神经元功能至关重要，许多神经发育和神经退行性疾病都源于轴突运输机制的突变。顺向运输为轴突远端提供新合成的蛋白质和脂质，包括维持突触前活动所需的突触成分。逆向运输通过从轴突远端清除老化的蛋白质和细胞器以进行成分降解和再循环来维持内环境稳定。逆向轴突运输在神经营养和损伤反应信号传导中也起主要作用。本文综述了轴突运输途径，并讨论了它们在神经元功能中的作用。
