美国儿童的环境铅暴露与儿童血铅水平：1999 - 2006年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）
Environmental lead and childhood blood lead levels in US children: NHANES, 1999-2006.
作者信息
Benson Stacey M, Talbott Evelyn O, Brink LuAnn L, Wu Candace, Sharma Ravi K, Marsh Gary M
机构信息
a Department of Epidemiology , Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA.
b Department of Biostatistics , Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA.
出版信息
Arch Environ Occup Health. 2017 Mar 4;72(2):70-78. doi: 10.1080/19338244.2016.1157454. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
Although blood lead levels in the United States have fallen dramatically since 1980, there remain subgroups of children with high blood lead levels. We assessed the relationship between environmental lead sources and blood lead levels in children ages 1 to 5 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2006. Modeled ambient air lead levels and industrial lead releases at the census-tract level were assigned to each child's residence with adjustment for confounding factors. Of 3,223 children, 272 (8.4%) had blood lead levels ≥ 5 ug/dL. Industrial releases (2,252 vs 1,696 lbs/mi) and ambient air lead levels (2.28 vs 1.75 ng/m) were greater in exposed versus unexposed children. For every 10,000 lb/mi increase in inverse distance squared weighted exposure, there was a 1.13% increase (95% CI: 0.45%, 1.81%) in blood lead (p = .001).
尽管自1980年以来美国儿童的血铅水平已大幅下降，但仍有部分儿童血铅水平偏高。我们利用1999 - 2006年国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，评估了1至5岁儿童环境铅源与血铅水平之间的关系。将人口普查区层面模拟的环境空气铅水平和工业铅排放量分配到每个儿童的居住地，并对混杂因素进行了调整。在3223名儿童中，272名（8.4%）的血铅水平≥5微克/分升。暴露组儿童的工业铅排放量（2252对1696磅/英里）和环境空气铅水平（2.28对1.75纳克/立方米）高于未暴露组。每增加10,000磅/英里的反距离平方加权暴露量，血铅水平就会增加1.13%（95%置信区间：0.45%，1.81%）（p = 0.001）。
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