Maćkowiak Kalina, Torlińska-Walkowiak Natalia, Torlińska Barbara
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2016 Feb 25;70:104-9. doi: 10.5604/17322693.1195842.
The intake of fibre in the diet of a child or an adult, through various foods (such as wholegrain foods, nuts, fruits and vegetables), plays an important role in reducing the risk and lowering the incidence of numerous diseases. The interest of researchers and consumers in the role of diet in the prevention or treatment of many illnesses, and maintaining the general and oral health, has been growing lately. The aim of our study was to underline the role of dietary fibre through its effects on many aspects of the human body and metabolism. Evidence has been found that dietary fibre from whole foods or supplements may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by improving serum lipids and reducing serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations in adults and children. Increased fibre content decreases the glycaemic index of foods, which leads to a significant improvement in glycaemic response. High fibre intake is associated with reduced risk of colorectal and breast cancer. In contemporary children, the reluctance to chew raw, hard plant foods may result in a risk of malocclusion and a lack of tooth wear, which cause the need for orthodontic intervention. Fibre consumption is associated with high nutritional value and antioxidant status of the diet, enhancing the effects on human health.
儿童或成人通过各种食物（如全谷物食品、坚果、水果和蔬菜）摄入膳食纤维，在降低多种疾病的风险和发病率方面发挥着重要作用。最近，研究人员和消费者对饮食在预防或治疗多种疾病以及维持全身和口腔健康方面的作用的关注度不断提高。我们研究的目的是强调膳食纤维通过其对人体和新陈代谢诸多方面的影响所发挥的作用。已有证据表明，来自全食物或补充剂的膳食纤维可通过改善血清脂质以及降低成人和儿童的血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇浓度，来降低心血管疾病风险。食物中纤维含量的增加会降低食物的血糖指数，从而显著改善血糖反应。高纤维摄入量与降低结直肠癌和乳腺癌风险相关。在当代儿童中，不愿咀嚼生的、硬的植物性食物可能会导致错颌畸形和牙齿磨损不足的风险，进而需要进行正畸干预。纤维摄入与饮食的高营养价值和抗氧化状态相关，增强了对人体健康的影响。
