Butardo Vito M, Sreenivasulu Nese
Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, International Rice Research Institute, Philippines.
Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, International Rice Research Institute, Philippines.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2016;323:31-70. doi: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.003. Epub 2016 Feb 10.
A global rise of diet-related noncommunicable diseases calls for a focus on diet-based nutritional intervention across the entire socioeconomic consumer spectrum. We review recent reports in the area of healthier rice aimed at developing rice grains with improved dietary fiber compositions (increased amounts of nonstarch polysaccharides and resistant starch), and less digestible starch (higher amylose and phospholipid complex in the endosperm) resulting in reduced glycemic impact upon grain consumption. We furthermore elaborate on the interconnections of elevated amounts of protein and a balanced composition of essential amino acids. The importance of a nutritious aleurone layer and its role in lipid storage and micronutrient composition is discussed briefly in the context of brown rice benefits. We identify gene targets for precision breeding that will facilitate the production of rice grains and rice-based products to mitigate the impact of nutrition-related preventable diseases.
与饮食相关的非传染性疾病在全球范围内的增加，要求在整个社会经济消费群体中关注基于饮食的营养干预。我们回顾了近期在更健康大米领域的报告，这些报告旨在培育出膳食纤维组成更佳（非淀粉多糖和抗性淀粉含量增加）、易消化淀粉更少（胚乳中直链淀粉和磷脂复合物含量更高）的米粒，从而降低食用大米时对血糖的影响。我们还阐述了蛋白质含量升高与必需氨基酸平衡组成之间的相互关系。在糙米益处的背景下，简要讨论了营养丰富的糊粉层的重要性及其在脂质储存和微量营养成分中的作用。我们确定了精准育种的基因靶点，这将有助于生产米粒和大米制品，以减轻与营养相关的可预防疾病的影响。
