Cao Liguo, Bu Wenting, Zheng Jian, Pan Shaoming, Wang Zhongtang, Uchida Shigeo
School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
Talanta. 2016 May 1;151:30-41. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.010. Epub 2016 Jan 11.
Knowing the concentration and isotopic ratio of Pu in seawater is of critical importance for assessing Pu contamination and investigating oceanic processes. In recent decades, the concentration of (239+240)Pu in seawater, particularly for surface seawater, has presented an exponential decreasing trend with time; thus determination of Pu in seawater has become a challenge nowadays. Here, we have summarized and critically discussed a variety of reported analytical methods for Pu determination in seawater sample based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analytical technique for rapid ultra-trace detection of Pu. Generally, pretreatments for seawater sample include co-precipitation, valence adjustment and chemical separation and purification procedures, all of which are comprehensively reviewed. Overall, the selected anion-exchange, extraction resins and operation condition are important for decontamination of interference from matrix elements and achieving satisfactory chemical yields. In addition, other mass spectrometric and radiometric detections are briefly addressed and compared with the focus on assessing ICP-MS. Finally, we discuss some issues and prospects in determination and application of Pu isotopes in seawater samples for future research.
了解海水中钚的浓度和同位素比率对于评估钚污染和研究海洋过程至关重要。近几十年来，海水中（239 + 240）钚的浓度，尤其是表层海水中的浓度，随时间呈指数下降趋势；因此，如今测定海水中的钚已成为一项挑战。在此，我们总结并批判性地讨论了基于电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）分析技术用于快速超痕量检测钚的各种已报道的海水中钚测定分析方法。一般来说，海水样品的预处理包括共沉淀、价态调整以及化学分离和纯化程序，所有这些都进行了全面综述。总体而言，所选阴离子交换、萃取树脂和操作条件对于去除基体元素的干扰以及实现令人满意的化学产率很重要。此外，简要介绍了其他质谱和放射性检测方法，并与侧重于评估ICP-MS进行了比较。最后，我们讨论了未来研究中海水样品中钚同位素测定和应用的一些问题及前景。
