Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China.
Molecules. 2022 Mar 15;27(6):1912. doi: 10.3390/molecules27061912.
Artificial long-lived radionuclides such as Sr and Pu have been long released into the environment by human nuclear activities, which have a profound impact on the ecological environment. It is of great significance to monitor the concentration of these radionuclides for environmental safety. This paper summarizes and critically discusses the separation and measurement methods for ultra-trace determination of Sr, Pu, and Pu in the environment. After selecting the measurement method, it is necessary to consider the decontamination of the interference from matrix elements and the key elements, and this involves the choice of the separation method. Measurement methods include both radiometric methods and non-radiometric methods. Radiometric methods, including alpha spectroscopy, liquid scintillation spectrometry, etc., are commonly used methods for measuring Pu and Sr. Mass spectrometry, as the representative of non-radiometric measurement methods, has been regarded as the most promising analytical method due to its high absolute sensitivity, low detection limit, and relatively short sample-analysis time. Through the comparison of various measurement methods, the future development trend of radionuclide measurement is prospected in this review. The fully automatic and rapid analysis method is a highlight. The new mass spectrometer with ultra-high sensitivity shows strong analytical capabilities for extremely low concentrations of Sr, Pu, and Pu, and it is expected to develop determination methods with higher sensitivity and lower detection limit.
人工长寿命放射性核素，如锶和钚，长期以来一直通过人类核活动释放到环境中，对生态环境产生了深远的影响。监测这些放射性核素的浓度对于环境安全具有重要意义。本文总结和批判性地讨论了环境中超痕量 Sr、Pu 和 Pu 的分离和测量方法。在选择测量方法后，有必要考虑去除基质元素和关键元素的干扰，这涉及到分离方法的选择。测量方法包括放射性方法和非放射性方法。放射性方法，包括α谱法、液体闪烁谱法等，是测量 Pu 和 Sr 的常用方法。质谱法作为非放射性测量方法的代表，由于其高绝对灵敏度、低检测限和相对较短的样品分析时间，被认为是最有前途的分析方法。通过对各种测量方法的比较，本文对放射性核素测量的未来发展趋势进行了展望。全自动快速分析方法是一个亮点。具有超高灵敏度的新型质谱仪对 Sr、Pu 和 Pu 的极低浓度具有很强的分析能力，有望开发出更高灵敏度和更低检测限的测定方法。
