de Menezes Galvão Ana Cecília, Ferreira Renata Gonçalves, de Sousa Maria Bernardete Cordeiro, Galvão-Coelho Nicole Leite
Department of Physiology, Psychobiology Graduation Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Caixa Postal, 1511, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
Primates. 2016 Jul;57(3):421-31. doi: 10.1007/s10329-016-0526-2. Epub 2016 Mar 5.
The effect of routine captive procedures on the welfare of species used as experimental models in biomedical research is of great interest, since stress may alter the generalization and interpretation of results. This study investigated behavioral and endocrine (fecal cortisol) reactivity patterns in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) adult males (N = 10) and females (N = 9) subjected to three types of routine procedures in captivity: (1) moving to a same-sized cage (P1), to a smaller cage (P2), and (2) first-time pair formation (P3). Sexually dimorphic cortisol responses were detected in animals submitted to a physical environmental stressor (cage change). Females showed an increased response throughout P1, in relation to baseline (BP) cortisol, and a trend during P2. Males increased cortisol only during P2. On the other hand, males and females showed a similar endocrine response when management involved social challenge (pair formation), with both sexes increasing cortisol levels, but females exhibited a more intense and longer-lasting cortisol increase. Males and females exhibited similar behavioral responses to cage change, except for autogrooming, with males decreasing this behavior in P1. Only females demonstrated a significantly higher increase in piloerection frequency than that of males during the pair formation phase. These endocrine and behavioral changes must be taken into account when interpreting research data that involve these types of procedures. Further studies on the impacts of routine colony management are required to devise and include protocols in official husbandry guidelines.
常规圈养程序对生物医学研究中用作实验模型的物种福利的影响备受关注，因为应激可能会改变研究结果的普遍性和解读。本研究调查了普通狨猴（Callithrix jacchus）成年雄性（N = 10）和雌性（N = 9）在圈养环境中接受三种常规程序时的行为和内分泌（粪便皮质醇）反应模式：（1）转移到相同大小的笼子（P1）、较小的笼子（P2），以及（2）首次配对（P3）。在受到物理环境应激源（笼子更换）的动物中检测到了性别差异的皮质醇反应。雌性在整个P1期间相对于基线（BP）皮质醇反应增加，在P2期间有增加趋势。雄性仅在P2期间皮质醇增加。另一方面，当管理涉及社会挑战（配对）时，雄性和雌性表现出相似的内分泌反应，两性的皮质醇水平均升高，但雌性的皮质醇升高更为强烈且持续时间更长。雄性和雌性对笼子更换表现出相似的行为反应，但自我梳理行为除外，雄性在P1期间这种行为减少。在配对阶段，只有雌性的竖毛频率增加显著高于雄性。在解释涉及这些程序类型的研究数据时，必须考虑这些内分泌和行为变化。需要进一步研究常规群体管理的影响，以便在官方饲养指南中制定并纳入相关方案。
