Ho Man-Yau, Yen Yu-Hsuan
Department of Pediatrics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Pediatr Neonatol. 2016 Oct;57(5):365-370. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2015.10.006. Epub 2016 Jan 4.
Without appropriate nutritional support, preterm infants fail to grow after birth and have malnutrition. The main reason for delayed feeding is fear of immaturity of gastrointestinal function. The principles of nutritional practice should be as follows: (1) minimal early initiation of enteral feeding with breast milk (0.5-1 mL/h) to start on Day 1 if possible and gradual increase as tolerated; (2) early aggressive parenteral nutrition as soon as possible; (3) provision of lipids at rates that will meet the additional energy needs of about 2-3 g/kg/d; and (4) attempt to increase enteral feeding rather than parenteral nutrition.
若无适当的营养支持，早产儿出生后生长迟缓且会出现营养不良。延迟喂养的主要原因是担心胃肠功能不成熟。营养实践的原则如下：（1）尽可能在出生第1天尽早开始以母乳进行少量肠内喂养（0.5 - 1毫升/小时），并根据耐受情况逐渐增加；（2）尽早积极进行肠外营养；（3）以能满足约2 - 3克/千克/天额外能量需求的速率提供脂质；（4）尝试增加肠内喂养而非肠外营养。
