Hodgson James A, Seyler Tiffany H, McGahee Ernest, Arnstein Stephen, Wang Lanqing
Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA ; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, USA.
Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Am J Analyt Chem. 2016 Feb;7(2):165-178. doi: 10.4236/ajac.2016.72014. Epub 2016 Feb 2.
Volatile nitrosamines (VNAs) are a group of compounds classified as probable (group 2A) and possible (group 2B) carcinogens in humans. Along with certain foods and contaminated drinking water, VNAs are detected at high levels in tobacco products and in both mainstream and sidestream smoke. Our laboratory monitors six urinary VNAs-N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), and N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR)-using isotope dilution GC-MS/MS (QQQ) for large population studies such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In this paper, we report for the first time a new automated sample preparation method to more efficiently quantitate these VNAs. Automation is done using Hamilton STAR and Caliper Staccato workstations. This new automated method reduces sample preparation time from 4 hours to 2.5 hours while maintaining precision (inter-run CV < 10%) and accuracy (85% - 111%). More importantly this method increases sample throughput while maintaining a low limit of detection (<10 pg/mL) for all analytes. A streamlined sample data flow was created in parallel to the automated method, in which samples can be tracked from receiving to final LIMs output with minimal human intervention, further minimizing human error in the sample preparation process. This new automated method and the sample data flow are currently applied in bio-monitoring of VNAs in the US non-institutionalized population NHANES 2013-2014 cycle.
挥发性亚硝胺（VNAs）是一类被归类为对人类有潜在致癌风险（2A组）和可能致癌风险（2B组）的化合物。除了某些食物和受污染的饮用水外，在烟草制品以及主流和侧流烟雾中也检测到高含量的VNAs。我们实验室使用同位素稀释气相色谱-串联质谱法（QQQ）监测六种尿样中的VNAs，即N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）、N-亚硝基甲乙胺（NMEA）、N-亚硝基二乙胺（NDEA）、N-亚硝基哌啶（NPIP）、N-亚硝基吡咯烷（NPYR）和N-亚硝基吗啉（NMOR），用于诸如美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）等大型人群研究。在本文中，我们首次报告了一种新的自动化样品制备方法，可更有效地对这些VNAs进行定量分析。自动化过程使用汉密尔顿STAR和卡利珀Staccato工作站完成。这种新的自动化方法将样品制备时间从4小时缩短至2.5小时，同时保持精密度（批间变异系数<10%）和准确度（85%-111%）。更重要的是，该方法提高了样品通量，同时对所有分析物保持较低的检测限（<10 pg/mL）。与自动化方法并行创建了一个简化的样品数据流，通过最少的人工干预，可对样品从接收至最终实验室信息管理系统（LIMS）输出进行跟踪，进一步减少样品制备过程中的人为误差。这种新的自动化方法和样品数据流目前应用于美国2013-2014周期非机构化人群的VNAs生物监测。
