Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China.
Department of Geography and Resource Management & Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, the Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Apr 5;50(7):4118-26. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05989. Epub 2016 Mar 21.
Black carbon (BC) is of global concern because of its adverse effects on climate and human health. It can travel long distances via atmospheric movement and can be geographically relocated through trade. Here, we explored the integrated patterns of BC transport within 30 provinces in China from the perspective of meteorology and interprovincial trade using the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) model and multiregional input-output analysis. In general, cross-border BC transport, which accounts for more than 30% of the surface concentration, occurs mainly between neighboring provinces. Specifically, Hebei contributes 1.2 μg·m(-3) BC concentration in Tianjin. By contrast, trade typically drives virtual BC flows from developed provinces to heavily industrial provinces, with the largest net flow from Beijing to Hebei (4.2 Gg). Shanghai is most vulnerable to domestic consumption with an average interprovincial consumption influence efficiency of 1.5 × 10(-4) (μg·m(-3))/(billion Yuan·yr(-1)). High efficiencies (∼8 × 10(-5) (μg·m(-3))/(billion Yuan·yr(-1))) are also found from regions including Beijing, Jiangsu, and Shanghai to regions including Hebei, Shandong, and Henan. The above source-receptor relationship indicates two control zones: Huabei and Huadong. Both mitigating end-of-pipe emissions and rationalizing the demand for pollution-intense products are important within the two control zones to reduce BC and other pollutants.
黑碳（BC）因其对气候和人类健康的不利影响而受到全球关注。它可以通过大气运动远距离传播，并通过贸易在地理上重新定位。在这里，我们从气象学和省际贸易的角度，利用天气研究与预报化学模型（WRF/Chem）和多区域投入产出分析，探讨了中国 30 个省份内部的 BC 传输综合模式。一般来说，跨境 BC 传输占地表浓度的 30%以上，主要发生在相邻省份之间。具体来说，河北省向天津市贡献了 1.2μg·m(-3)的 BC 浓度。相比之下，贸易通常会导致虚拟 BC 从发达省份流向重工业省份，北京向河北省的净流动最大（4.2 Gg）。上海由于国内消费而最易受到影响，其平均省际消费影响效率为 1.5×10(-4)（μg·m(-3))/(billion Yuan·yr(-1))。还发现北京、江苏和上海等地区到河北、山东和河南等地区的效率较高（∼8×10(-5)（μg·m(-3))/(billion Yuan·yr(-1)))。上述源-汇关系表明存在两个控制区：华北和华东。在这两个控制区内，减少 BC 和其他污染物都需要同时减少末端排放和合理化污染密集型产品的需求。
