Zhao Hongyan, Wu Ruili, Liu Yang, Cheng Jing, Geng Guannan, Zheng Yixuan, Tian Hezhong, He Kebin, Zhang Qiang
Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Environ Sci Ecotechnol. 2023 Mar 20;16:100264. doi: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100264. eCollection 2023 Oct.
Product trade plays an increasing role in relocating production and the associated air pollution impact among sectors and regions. While a comprehensive depiction of atmospheric pollution redistribution through trade chains is missing, which may hinder targeted clean air cooperation among sectors and regions. Here, we combined five state-of-the-art models from physics, economy, and epidemiology to track the anthropogenic fine particle matters (PM) related premature mortality along the supply chains within China in 2017. Our results highlight the key sectors that affect PM-related mortality from both production and consumption perspectives. The consumption-based effects from food, light industry, equipment, construction, and services sectors, caused 2-22 times higher deaths than those from a production perspective and totally contributed 63% of the national total. From a cross-boundary perspective, 25.7% of China's PM-related deaths were caused by interprovincial trade, with the largest transfer occurring from the central and northern regions to well-developed east coast provinces. Capital investment dominated the cross-boundary effect (56% of the total) by involving substantial equipment and construction products, which greatly rely on product exports from regions with specific resources. This supply chain-based analysis provides a comprehensive quantification and may inform more effective joint-control efforts among associated regions and sectors from a health risk perspective.
产品贸易在各部门和地区间重新配置生产及相关空气污染影响方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而，目前缺乏对通过贸易链进行的大气污染再分配的全面描述，这可能会阻碍各部门和地区间有针对性的清洁空气合作。在此，我们结合了物理学、经济学和流行病学领域的五个先进模型，以追踪2017年中国境内供应链上与人为细颗粒物（PM）相关的过早死亡情况。我们的研究结果从生产和消费两个角度突出了影响与PM相关死亡率的关键部门。食品、轻工业、设备、建筑和服务业基于消费的影响导致的死亡人数比从生产角度导致的死亡人数高出2至22倍，且总计占全国总数的63%。从跨界角度来看，中国25.7%的与PM相关的死亡是由省际贸易造成的，最大的转移发生在中部和北部地区向经济发达的东部沿海省份。资本投资通过涉及大量设备和建筑产品主导了跨界影响（占总数的56%），而这些产品极大地依赖于特定资源地区的产品出口。这种基于供应链的分析提供了全面的量化结果，并可能从健康风险角度为相关地区和部门之间更有效的联合控制努力提供参考。
