Callander Emily J, Schofield Deborah J
Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Discipline of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Building 41, Douglas Campus, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
BMC Geriatr. 2016 Mar 7;16:62. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0236-z.
The use of multidimensional poverty measures is becoming more common for measuring the living standards of older people. However, the pathways into poverty are relatively unknown, nor is it known how this affects the length of time people are in poverty for.
Using Waves 1 to 12 of the nationally representative Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, longitudinal analysis was undertaken to identify the order that key forms of disadvantage develop - poor health, low income and insufficient education attainment - amongst Australians aged 65 years and over in multidimensional poverty, and the relationship this has with chronic poverty. Path analysis and linear regression models were used.
For all older people with at least a Year 10 level of education attainment earlier mental health was significantly related to later household income (p = 0.001) and wealth (p = 0.017). For all older people with at less than a Year 10 level of education attainment earlier household income was significantly related to later mental health (p = 0.021). When limited to those in multidimensional poverty who were in income poverty and also had poor health, older people generally fell into income poverty first and then developed poor health. The order in which income poverty and poor health were developed had a significant influence on the length of time older people with less than a Year 10 level of education attainment were in multidimensional poverty for. Those who developed poor health first then fell into income poverty spend significantly less time in multidimensional poverty (-4.90, p < .0001) than those who fell into income poverty then developed poor health.
Knowing the order that different forms of disadvantage develop, and the influence this has on poverty entrenchment, is of use to policy makers wishing to provide interventions to prevent older people being in long-term multidimensional poverty.
多维贫困衡量方法在衡量老年人生活水平方面的应用日益普遍。然而，陷入贫困的途径相对不明，且人们也不清楚这对贫困持续时间有何影响。
利用具有全国代表性的澳大利亚家庭、收入与劳动力动态调查（HILDA）的第1至12波数据，进行纵向分析，以确定65岁及以上澳大利亚人在多维贫困中，关键劣势形式（健康不佳、低收入和教育程度不足）出现的顺序，以及这与长期贫困的关系。使用了路径分析和线性回归模型。
对于所有教育程度至少达到10年级的老年人，早期心理健康与后期家庭收入（p = 0.001）和财富（p = 0.017）显著相关。对于所有教育程度低于10年级的老年人，早期家庭收入与后期心理健康显著相关（p = 0.021）。当仅限于多维贫困中处于收入贫困且健康状况不佳的人群时，老年人通常先陷入收入贫困，然后健康状况变差。收入贫困和健康不佳出现的顺序，对教育程度低于10年级的老年人处于多维贫困的时间长度有显著影响。那些先健康状况变差然后陷入收入贫困的人，在多维贫困中花费的时间（-4.90，p <.0001）比那些先陷入收入贫困然后健康状况变差的人显著更少。
了解不同形式劣势出现的顺序及其对贫困加剧的影响，有助于希望提供干预措施以防止老年人陷入长期多维贫困的政策制定者。
