Smith G S
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Int J Epidemiol. 1989;18(4 Suppl 2):S2-15. doi: 10.1093/ije/18.supplement_2.s2.
This paper describes the evolution of the concept of rapid epidemiologic assessment (REA) from a series of ideas to a defined area of epidemiologic research. Five broad areas of research are defined: small area survey and sampling methods, surveillance methods, screening and individual risk assessment, community indicators of risk or health status, and case-control methods for evaluation. REA techniques can provide health information more rapidly, simply and at less cost than the standard data collection methods and yet still yield reliable results. The use of these methods is described with examples from both a research programme designed to stimulate the development of REA methods and from other studies in the literature. The further development of REA techniques can lead to better decisions regarding the delivery and allocation of health services in both developing and industrialized countries.
本文描述了快速流行病学评估（REA）概念从一系列想法演变为一个明确的流行病学研究领域的过程。定义了五个广泛的研究领域：小区域调查和抽样方法、监测方法、筛查和个体风险评估、社区风险或健康状况指标以及用于评估的病例对照方法。与标准数据收集方法相比，REA技术能够更快速、简单且低成本地提供健康信息，同时仍能产生可靠的结果。文中通过一个旨在促进REA方法发展的研究项目以及文献中的其他研究实例，对这些方法的应用进行了描述。REA技术的进一步发展能够为发展中国家和工业化国家在卫生服务的提供与分配方面带来更好的决策。
