Huemer Julia, Nelson Kristin, Karnik Niranjan, Völkl-Kernstock Sabine, Seidel Stefan, Ebner Nina, Ryst Erika, Friedrich Max, Shaw Richard J, Realubit Cassey, Steiner Hans, Skala Katrin
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
Social Sciences Division, The New School for Public Engagement, New York, USA.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2016 Mar 7;7:29163. doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v7.29163. eCollection 2016.
The aim of this study was to examine a cohort of unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) by means of psycholinguistic methods in order to obtain a more subtle picture of their degree of traumatization.
Twenty-eight participants were included in the Stress-Inducing Speech Task (SIST) consisting of a free association (FA) and a stress (STR) condition. Narratives were examined by means of (1) quantitative parameters (word count); (2) psycholinguistic variables (temporal junctures, TJs), narrative structure, referential activity (RA)-a measure of emotional expressivity; and (3) content analysis ratings.
Word count was significantly lower than in age-matched norms. In the FA condition, TJs were lower, but in the STR condition, rates were comparable. RA was significantly higher in both conditions. Content analysis ratings showed that the experiences described by these youths were potentially traumatic in nature.
This pattern of narrative shows a mixture of fulfilling the task demand, while containing an emotionally charged narrative. Narrative structure was absent in the FA condition, but preserved in the STR condition, as URMs struggled with the description of non-normative events. This indicates that these youths have not yet emotionally dealt with and fully integrated their trauma experiences.
本研究旨在通过心理语言学方法对一群无人陪伴的未成年难民（URMs）进行检查，以便更细致地了解他们的创伤程度。
28名参与者被纳入应激诱导言语任务（SIST），该任务包括自由联想（FA）和应激（STR）两种情况。通过以下方式对叙述进行检查：（1）定量参数（单词计数）；（2）心理语言学变量（时间节点，TJs）、叙述结构、指称活动（RA）——一种情感表达的度量；以及（3）内容分析评分。
单词计数显著低于年龄匹配的标准。在FA情况下，TJs较低，但在STR情况下，比率相当。两种情况下RA均显著较高。内容分析评分表明，这些年轻人所描述的经历在本质上可能具有创伤性。
这种叙述模式显示出既满足任务要求，又包含充满情感的叙述。在FA情况下没有叙述结构，但在STR情况下得以保留，因为URMs在描述非规范性事件时存在困难。这表明这些年轻人尚未在情感上处理并充分整合他们的创伤经历。
