Cell Structure Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain; email:
Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; email:
Annu Rev Virol. 2014 Nov;1(1):453-73. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-031413-085351. Epub 2014 Jul 9.
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies are beginning to have significant impact in the field of virology, as they are helping us understand how viruses take control of cells. In this article we review several methodologies for 3D imaging of cells and show how these technologies are contributing to the study of viral infections and the characterization of specialized structures formed in virus-infected cells. We include 3D reconstruction by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using serial sections, electron tomography, and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). We summarize from these methods selected contributions to our understanding of viral entry, replication, morphogenesis, egress and propagation, and changes in the spatial architecture of virus-infected cells. In combination with live-cell imaging, correlative microscopy, and new techniques for molecular mapping in situ, the availability of these methods for 3D imaging is expected to provide deeper insights into understanding the structural and dynamic aspects of viral infection.
三维（3D）成像技术开始在病毒学领域产生重大影响，因为它们帮助我们了解病毒如何控制细胞。本文综述了几种用于细胞 3D 成像的方法，并展示了这些技术如何促进病毒感染的研究和病毒感染细胞中形成的特殊结构的表征。我们包括使用连续切片的透射电子显微镜（TEM）的 3D 重建、电子断层扫描和聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜（FIB-SEM）。我们从这些方法中总结了对我们理解病毒进入、复制、形态发生、出芽和传播以及病毒感染细胞的空间结构变化的一些选择贡献。与活细胞成像、相关显微镜以及原位分子定位新技术相结合，这些 3D 成像方法的可用性有望深入了解病毒感染的结构和动态方面。
