McFarlane Judith, Nava Angeles, Gilroy Heidi, Maddoux John
Texas Woman's University, College of Nursing, Houston, Texas.
Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Apr;127(4):706-713. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001336.
Forced marriage is a violation of human rights and thwarts personal safety and well-being. Child brides are at higher risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) and often are unable to effectively negotiate safe sex, leaving them vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus, and early pregnancy. The prevalence of forced marriage and child marriage in the United States is unknown. The intersection of forced marriage and child marriage and IPV is equally unknown. When 277 mothers who reported IPV to shelter or justice services were asked about a forced marriage attempt, frequency and severity of IPV, mental health status, and behavioral functioning of their child, 47 (17%) reported a forced marriage attempt with 45% of the women younger than 18 years of age at the time of the attempt. Among the 47 women, 11 (23%) reported death threats, 20 (43%) reported marriage to the person, and 28 (60%) reported a pregnancy. Women younger than 18 years reported more threats of isolation and economic deprivation associated with the attempt as well as pressure from parents to marry. Regardless of age, women experiencing a forced marriage attempt reported more intimate partner sexual abuse, somatization, and behavior problems for their children. Forced marriage attempts occurred to one in six women (17%) reporting IPV and are associated with worse functioning for mother and child. The frequent occurrence and associated effect of forced marriage attempts to maternal child functioning indicates routine assessment for a forced marriage attempt as part of comprehensive care for women reporting IPV.
强迫婚姻是对人权的侵犯，会危及个人安全和福祉。童养媳遭受亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的风险更高，而且往往无法有效地协商安全性行为，这使她们易感染包括人类免疫缺陷病毒在内的性传播感染，并易早孕。美国强迫婚姻和童婚的流行程度尚不清楚。强迫婚姻与童婚及亲密伴侣暴力之间的关联同样不明。当向277名向庇护所或司法服务机构报告遭受亲密伴侣暴力的母亲询问强迫婚姻企图、亲密伴侣暴力的频率和严重程度、心理健康状况以及其子女的行为功能时，47名（17%）母亲报告有强迫婚姻企图，其中45%的女性在企图发生时未满18岁。在这47名女性中，11名（23%）报告受到死亡威胁，20名（43%）报告与对方结婚，28名（60%）报告怀孕。未满18岁的女性报告称，强迫婚姻企图带来更多孤立和经济剥夺的威胁以及来自父母的结婚压力。无论年龄大小，经历过强迫婚姻企图的女性报告称其子女遭受更多亲密伴侣性虐待、躯体化和行为问题。报告亲密伴侣暴力的女性中有六分之一（17%）经历过强迫婚姻企图，这与母婴功能较差有关。强迫婚姻企图对母婴功能的频繁发生及相关影响表明，在为报告亲密伴侣暴力的女性提供全面护理时，应常规评估是否存在强迫婚姻企图。
