Boyce Christopher J, Wood Alex M, Ferguson Eamonn
University of Stirling, Scotland, UK University of Manchester, UK
University of Stirling, Scotland, UK University of Manchester, UK.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2016 Apr;42(4):471-84. doi: 10.1177/0146167216634060. Epub 2016 Mar 9.
Loss aversion is considered a general pervasive bias occurring regardless of the context or the person making the decision. We hypothesized that conscientiousness would predict an aversion to losses in the financial domain. We index loss aversion by the relative impact of income losses and gains on life satisfaction. In a representative German sample (N = 105,558; replicated in a British sample, N = 33,848), with conscientiousness measured at baseline, those high on conscientiousness have the strongest reactions to income losses, suggesting a pronounced loss aversion effect, whereas for those moderately unconscientious, there is no loss aversion effect. Our research (a) provides the first evidence of personality moderation of any loss aversion phenomena, (b) supports contextual perspectives that both personality and situational factors need to be examined in combination, (c) shows that the small but robust relationship between income and life satisfaction is driven primarily by a subset of people experiencing highly impactful losses.
损失厌恶被认为是一种普遍存在的偏差，无论决策的背景或做出决策的人如何都会出现。我们假设尽责性会预测在金融领域对损失的厌恶。我们通过收入损失和收益对生活满意度的相对影响来衡量损失厌恶。在一个具有代表性的德国样本（N = 105,558；在一个英国样本N = 33,848中进行了复制）中，在基线时测量了尽责性，尽责性高的人对收入损失的反应最强烈，表明存在明显的损失厌恶效应，而对于那些尽责性中等偏低的人，则没有损失厌恶效应。我们的研究（a）提供了人格调节任何损失厌恶现象的首个证据，（b）支持了需要结合人格和情境因素进行考察的情境视角，（c）表明收入与生活满意度之间虽小但稳健的关系主要由经历高度影响性损失的一部分人驱动。
