Brescó de Luna Ignacio
Niels Bohr Centre for Cultural Psychology, Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Kroghstræde 3, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2016 Jun;50(2):320-32. doi: 10.1007/s12124-016-9345-7.
This paper begins by addressing the so-called memory crisis, a crisis which, since the 90s, has problematized the traditional manner in which memory is studied and understood. Special attention is paid to the changing role attributed to accuracy and meaning when remembering the past. In light of this crisis, I comment on Smorti and Fioretti's paper (2015), focusing on the point that they make regarding how autobiographical narratives affect and change autobiographical memories. Complementing that view, according to which memories are transformed when they are externalized through a communicative act by means of narratives, this paper focuses on a more narrative and situated approach to memory, shifting from mind to social settings, from accuracy to meaning. Building on that approach, I briefly discuss the notion of event as a narrative construction. Finally, drawing on Burke's pentad model (1969), I put forward a framework for studying remembering as a situated activity. The pentad of elements are addressed as follows: 1) Agency, or the mediational means for the construction of past events; 2) Act, or remembering as a reconstructive activity; 3) Scene, or the social dynamics of remembering; 4) Agent, or subjective positionings when reconstructing the past; and 5) Purpose, or uses of the past in relation to the future.
本文开篇探讨所谓的记忆危机，自20世纪90年代以来，这场危机对研究和理解记忆的传统方式提出了质疑。特别关注的是在回忆过去时，准确性和意义所扮演的角色的变化。鉴于这场危机，我对斯莫蒂和菲奥雷蒂（2015年）的论文进行评论，重点关注他们关于自传体叙事如何影响和改变自传体记忆的观点。与那种认为记忆在通过叙事的交流行为外化时会发生转变的观点相辅相成，本文聚焦于一种更具叙事性和情境性的记忆方法，从心智转向社会环境，从准确性转向意义。基于这种方法，我简要讨论事件作为一种叙事建构的概念。最后，借鉴伯克的五元模型（1969年），我提出一个将记忆研究作为一种情境化活动的框架。这五个要素如下所述：1）动因，即构建过去事件的中介手段；2）行为，即作为一种重构活动的记忆；3）场景，即记忆的社会动态；4）主体，即重构过去时的主观定位；5）目的，即过去与未来相关的用途。
