Watzlawik Meike, Brescó de Luna Ignacio
Sigmund Freud PrivatUniversität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Niels Bohr Center for Cultural Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2017 Jun;51(2):244-260. doi: 10.1007/s12124-017-9386-6.
How migration influences the processes of identity development has been under longstanding scrutiny in the social sciences. Usually, stage models have been suggested, and different strategies for acculturation (e.g., integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization) have been considered as ways to make sense of the psychological transformations of migrants as a group. On an individual level, however, identity development is a more complex endeavor: Identity does not just develop by itself, but is constructed as an ongoing process. To capture these processes, we will look at different aspects of migration and asylum seeking; for example, the cultural-specific values and expectations of the hosting (European) countries (e.g., as identifier), but also of the arriving individuals/groups (e.g., identified as refugees). Since the two may contradict each other, negotiations between identities claims and identity assignments become necessary. Ways to solve these contradictions are discussed, with a special focus on the experienced (and often missing) agency in different settings upon arrival in a new country. In addition, it will be shown how sudden events (e.g., 9/11, the Charlie Hebdo attack) may challenge identity processes in different ways.
在社会科学领域，移民如何影响身份认同发展过程一直受到长期审视。通常，有人提出了阶段模型，不同的文化适应策略（如融合、同化、分离和边缘化）被视为理解移民群体心理转变的方式。然而，在个体层面，身份认同发展是一项更为复杂的努力：身份认同并非自行发展，而是在一个持续的过程中构建而成。为了捕捉这些过程，我们将审视移民和寻求庇护的不同方面；例如，东道国（欧洲国家）特定文化的价值观和期望（如作为身份标识），以及新来的个人/群体（如被认定为难民）的价值观和期望。由于两者可能相互矛盾，身份主张与身份认定之间的协商变得必要。文中将讨论解决这些矛盾的方法，特别关注抵达新国家后在不同环境中经历的（且常常缺失的）能动性。此外，还将展示突发事件（如9·11事件、《查理周刊》袭击事件）如何以不同方式挑战身份认同过程。
