Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy; Epitech Group S.p.A., Saccolongo, PD, Italy.
Prog Lipid Res. 2016 Apr;62:107-28. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.02.002. Epub 2016 Mar 7.
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, and the two main endogenous lipid ligands of such receptors (also known as the "endocannabinoids"), anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol. The ECS is a pleiotropic signalling system involved in all aspects of mammalian physiology and pathology, and for this reason it represents a potential target for the design and development of new therapeutic drugs. However, the endocannabinoids as well as some of their congeners also interact with a much wider range of receptors, including members of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs), and other GPCRs. Indeed, following the discovery of the endocannabinoids, endocannabinoid-related lipid mediators, which often share the same metabolic pathways of the endocannabinoids, have also been identified or rediscovered. In this review article, we discuss the role of endocannabinoids and related lipids during physiological functions, as well as their involvement in some of the most common neurological disorders.
内源性大麻素系统（ECS）由两种 G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）、大麻素 CB1 和 CB2 受体以及这两种受体的两种主要内源性脂质配体（也称为“内源性大麻素”）组成，即花生四烯酸乙醇胺和 2-花生四烯酰甘油。ECS 是一种多效信号系统，参与哺乳动物生理学和病理学的各个方面，因此它代表了设计和开发新治疗药物的潜在目标。然而，内源性大麻素及其一些同系物也与更广泛范围的受体相互作用，包括瞬时受体电位（TRP）通道、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）和其他 GPCR 的成员。事实上，在发现内源性大麻素之后，也已经鉴定或重新发现了与内源性大麻素共享相同代谢途径的内源性大麻素相关脂质介质。在这篇综述文章中，我们讨论了内源性大麻素和相关脂质在生理功能中的作用，以及它们在一些最常见的神经疾病中的参与。
