Dept of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece Center for Global Tobacco Control, Dept of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Eur Respir J. 2016 Jul;48(1):115-24. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01016-2015. Epub 2016 Mar 10.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases childhood asthma risk, but health effects in children of nonsmoking mothers passively exposed to tobacco smoke during pregnancy are unclear. We examined the association of maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and wheeze in children aged ≤2 years.Individual data of 27 993 mother-child pairs from 15 European birth cohorts were combined in pooled analyses taking into consideration potential confounders.Children with maternal exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy and no other smoking exposure were more likely to develop wheeze up to the age of 2 years (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.20) compared with unexposed children. Risk of wheeze was further increased by children's postnatal passive smoke exposure in addition to their mothers' passive exposure during pregnancy (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.19-1.40) and highest in children with both sources of passive exposure and mothers who smoked actively during pregnancy (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.59-1.88). Risk of wheeze associated with tobacco smoke exposure was higher in children with an allergic versus nonallergic family history.Maternal passive smoking exposure during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for wheeze in children up to the age of 2 years. Pregnant females should avoid active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke for the benefit of their children's health.
孕妇在怀孕期间吸烟会增加儿童哮喘的风险，但怀孕期间不吸烟的母亲被动吸烟对儿童的健康影响尚不清楚。我们研究了母亲在怀孕期间被动吸烟与 2 岁以下儿童喘息之间的关联。在考虑了潜在的混杂因素后，对来自 15 个欧洲出生队列的 27993 对母婴个体数据进行了合并分析。与未暴露于该环境的儿童相比，怀孕期间暴露于被动吸烟且无其他吸烟暴露的儿童在 2 岁前发生喘息的可能性更高（OR 1.11，95%CI 1.03-1.20）。此外，如果儿童在出生后仍被动吸烟，并且其母亲在怀孕期间也被动吸烟，那么他们患喘息的风险会进一步增加（OR 1.29，95%CI 1.19-1.40），而如果儿童同时存在上述两种情况，并且其母亲在怀孕期间也吸烟，那么他们患喘息的风险最高（OR 1.73，95%CI 1.59-1.88）。与烟草烟雾暴露相关的喘息风险在有过敏家族史的儿童中高于无过敏家族史的儿童。孕妇在怀孕期间被动吸烟是 2 岁以下儿童喘息的一个独立危险因素。为了孩子的健康，孕妇应避免主动和被动吸烟。
