1 American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC, USA.
2 George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2018 Nov;33(22):3480-3501. doi: 10.1177/0886260516635322. Epub 2016 Mar 9.
Encouraging bystanders to intervene safely and effectively in situations that could escalate to violence-known as bystander behavior programs-is a growing yet largely untested strategy to prevent dating violence. Using a quasi-experimental design, we evaluate a low-resource, low-intensity intervention aimed at preventing dating violence among college students. The integrated behavioral model (IBM) was used to guide the evaluation. We also assess which IBM variables were most strongly associated with bystander behaviors. Participants were drawn from two Virginia colleges that predominantly train females in the health profession sciences. The intervention group ( n = 329) participated in a university-wide bystander behavior intervention consisting of a 30-min presentation on dating violence at new-student orientation and a week-long "red flag" social marketing campaign on campus to raise awareness of dating violence. Controlling for changes at the comparison university, results showed an increase in bystander behaviors, such as encouraging a friend who may be in an abusive relationship to get help, after the intervention and adjusting for potential confounders (increase of 1.41 bystander behaviors, p = .04). However, no significant changes were found for bystander intentions, self-efficacy, social norms, or attitudes related to dating violence from pre- to post-intervention. Self-efficacy had a direct relationship with bystander behaviors. Results suggest that low-resource interventions have a modest effect on increasing bystander behaviors. However, higher resource interventions likely are needed for a larger impact, especially among students who already demonstrate strong baseline intentions to intervene and prevent dating violence.
鼓励旁观者在可能升级为暴力的情况下安全有效地进行干预——这种行为被称为旁观者行为干预——是一种越来越流行但尚未经过充分检验的策略，旨在预防约会暴力。我们使用准实验设计评估了一种资源有限、强度低的干预措施，旨在预防大学生中的约会暴力。整合行为模型（IBM）被用于指导评估。我们还评估了哪些 IBM 变量与旁观者行为最密切相关。参与者来自弗吉尼亚州的两所大学，这些大学主要培训健康专业科学领域的女性。干预组（n=329）参加了一项全校范围内的旁观者行为干预措施，包括在新生入学指导会上进行 30 分钟的约会暴力介绍，以及为期一周的校园“红旗”社会营销活动，以提高对约会暴力的认识。控制了比较大学的变化，结果显示，在干预后，旁观者行为（例如，鼓励可能处于虐待关系中的朋友寻求帮助）有所增加，调整潜在混杂因素后（旁观者行为增加 1.41，p=0.04）。然而，干预前后，旁观者的意图、自我效能感、与约会暴力相关的社会规范和态度均未发生显著变化。自我效能感与旁观者行为直接相关。结果表明，资源有限的干预措施对增加旁观者行为有一定的影响。然而，可能需要更高的资源干预措施来产生更大的影响，特别是对于那些已经表现出强烈的干预和预防约会暴力意图的学生。
