Reid Adam, Dundes Lauren
Department of Campus Safety, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157, USA;
Department of Sociology, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157, USA.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2017 Sep 27;7(4):65. doi: 10.3390/bs7040065. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Bystander programs implemented to meet federal requirements to reduce sexual assaults on college campuses in the United States must include primary prevention. Survey data ( = 280) and interview data ( = 20) presented in this paper explore students' hypothetical and actual willingness to intervene as bystanders. Although most students surveyed (57%) claim they would be very likely to intervene, fewer than half would be very suspicious of someone leading away an intoxicated individual at a party (45% of women and 28% of men: < 0.01). Interview data reveal how students perceive risk factors at college parties and what types of bystander measures they attempt, including "distractions", a nonconfrontational tactic in which bystanders avoid more direct but socially risky interventions. Subsumed in many current bystander programs is an invisible element of valorizing harmony. Condoning bystanders' unwillingness to directly confront seemingly predatory individuals could make change seem out of reach and could also embolden offenders whose behavior is observed and only temporarily thwarted.
为满足美国联邦关于减少大学校园性侵犯的要求而实施的旁观者干预项目必须包括初级预防。本文呈现的调查数据（n = 280）和访谈数据（n = 20）探讨了学生作为旁观者进行干预的假设意愿和实际意愿。尽管大多数接受调查的学生（57%）声称他们很可能会进行干预，但不到一半的学生会对在派对上有人带走醉酒者的行为产生高度怀疑（45%的女性和28%的男性：p < 0.01）。访谈数据揭示了学生如何看待大学派对上的风险因素以及他们尝试采取何种类型的旁观者干预措施，包括“分散注意力”，这是一种非对抗性策略，旁观者借此避免更直接但具有社会风险的干预。许多当前的旁观者干预项目中都隐含着一种对和谐的推崇。容忍旁观者不愿直接面对看似有掠夺性的个体可能会让改变显得遥不可及，也可能会助长那些行为被观察到但只是暂时受阻的冒犯者。
