Olson Anna D, Gooding Lori F, Shikoh Fara, Graf Julie
College of Music, Florida State University, 122 N. Copeland Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1180, USA. Tel 850-644-4295, fax 850- 644-2033.
Med Probl Perform Art. 2016 Mar;31(1):29-36. doi: 10.21091/mppa.2016.1006.
College musicians exhibit greater declines in hearing than the general population and are at particular risk because they rehearse and perform daily in loud environments. Also, they engage in use of personal listening devices which increases the amount of "exposure" time. Despite increased risk, many do not use hearing protection devices (HPD). The purpose of this study was to (1) to identify the present level of education about hearing health, (2) identify the perceived advantages and disadvantages of using HPD, and (3) evaluate results among different musical instrument groups.
A mixed-methods group design was used including both quantitative and qualitative instruments. SPSS was used to generate descriptive statistics, and non-parametric statistical analysis was performed on quantitative data. NVivo software was used to evaluate qualitative responses.
Of the 90 college instrumental music students who participated, 12% reported a history of hearing loss, and over one-third reported tinnitus. Seventy-seven percent of participants had never received any training about hearing health and only a small percentage of students used HPD. The most cited reason for lack of protection use was its negative impact on sound quality. However, group differences were noted between brass, woodwind, and percussion musicians in terms of HPD uptake.
Improving the type of information disseminated to college musicians may reduce the risk of ear-related deficits. Noise dosage information, HPD information, and prevention education grounded in theories like the Health Belief Model may increase awareness and promote greater use of HPDs in this population.
与普通人群相比，高校音乐专业学生的听力下降更为明显，且由于他们每天在嘈杂环境中排练和表演，面临着特殊风险。此外，他们还使用个人听力设备，这增加了“暴露”时间。尽管风险增加，但许多人并未使用听力保护装置（HPD）。本研究的目的是：（1）确定目前关于听力健康的教育水平；（2）确定使用HPD的感知优势和劣势；（3）评估不同乐器组的结果。
采用混合方法组设计，包括定量和定性工具。使用SPSS生成描述性统计数据，并对定量数据进行非参数统计分析。使用NVivo软件评估定性回答。
在参与研究的90名高校器乐专业学生中，12%报告有听力损失史，超过三分之一报告有耳鸣。77%的参与者从未接受过任何关于听力健康的培训，只有一小部分学生使用HPD。未使用保护装置的最常见原因是其对音质有负面影响。然而，铜管乐器、木管乐器和打击乐器演奏者在HPD使用方面存在组间差异。
改善向高校音乐专业学生传播的信息类型可能会降低与耳朵相关缺陷的风险。基于健康信念模型等理论的噪声剂量信息、HPD信息和预防教育可能会提高这一人群的意识，并促进他们更多地使用HPD。
