Schwartz Andrew B
Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, E1440 BSTWR, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Cell. 2016 Mar 10;164(6):1122-1135. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.038.
Voluntary movement is a result of signals transmitted through a communication channel that links the internal world in our minds to the physical world around us. Intention can be considered the desire to effect change on our environment, and this is contained in the signals from the brain, passed through the nervous system to converge on muscles that generate displacements and forces on our surroundings. The resulting changes in the world act to generate sensations that feed back to the nervous system, closing the control loop. This Perspective discusses the experimental and theoretical underpinnings of current models of movement generation and the way they are modulated by external information. Movement systems embody intentionality and prediction, two factors that are propelling a revolution in engineering. Development of movement models that include the complexities of the external world may allow a better understanding of the neuronal populations regulating these processes, as well as the development of solutions for autonomous vehicles and robots, and neural prostheses for those who are motor impaired.
自主运动是通过一个通信通道传输信号的结果，该通道将我们头脑中的内部世界与周围的物理世界联系起来。意图可以被认为是改变我们环境的愿望，它包含在来自大脑的信号中，通过神经系统传递，汇聚到在我们周围产生位移和力的肌肉上。世界上由此产生的变化会产生感觉，反馈到神经系统，从而闭合控制回路。本视角讨论了当前运动生成模型的实验和理论基础，以及它们如何被外部信息调制。运动系统体现了意向性和预测能力，这两个因素正在推动工程领域的一场革命。开发包含外部世界复杂性因素的运动模型，可能有助于更好地理解调节这些过程的神经元群体，以及开发自动驾驶车辆和机器人的解决方案，以及为运动障碍者设计神经假体。
