Read Gemma J M, Salmon Paul M, Lenné Michael G
a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Monash University , Clayton , Australia.
b Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems , University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore , Australia.
Ergonomics. 2016 Sep;59(9):1135-57. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1134816. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
The Cognitive Work Analysis Design Toolkit (CWA-DT) is a recently developed approach that provides guidance and tools to assist in applying the outputs of CWA to design processes to incorporate the values and principles of sociotechnical systems theory. In this paper, the CWA-DT is evaluated based on an application to improve safety at rail level crossings. The evaluation considered the extent to which the CWA-DT met pre-defined methodological criteria and aligned with sociotechnical values and principles. Both process and outcome measures were taken based on the ratings of workshop participants and human factors experts. Overall, workshop participants were positive about the process and indicated that it met the methodological criteria and sociotechnical values. However, expert ratings suggested that the CWA-DT achieved only limited success in producing RLX designs that fully aligned with the sociotechnical approach. Discussion about the appropriateness of the sociotechnical approach in a public safety context is provided. Practitioner Summary: Human factors and ergonomics practitioners need evidence of the effectiveness of methods. A design toolkit for cognitive work analysis, incorporating values and principles from sociotechnical systems theory, was applied to create innovative designs for rail level crossings. Evaluation results based on the application are provided and discussed.
认知工作分析设计工具包（CWA-DT）是一种最近开发的方法，它提供指导和工具，以协助将认知工作分析的成果应用于设计过程，从而融入社会技术系统理论的价值观和原则。在本文中，基于应用CWA-DT来提高铁路平交道口安全性的案例对其进行了评估。该评估考虑了CWA-DT在多大程度上符合预定义的方法标准，并与社会技术价值观和原则保持一致。过程和结果指标均基于研讨会参与者和人因专家的评分得出。总体而言，研讨会参与者对该过程持积极态度，并表示它符合方法标准和社会技术价值观。然而，专家评分表明，CWA-DT在生成完全符合社会技术方法的铁路平交道口设计方面仅取得了有限的成功。文中还提供了关于社会技术方法在公共安全背景下适用性的讨论。从业者总结：人因与工效学从业者需要方法有效性的证据。一个融合了社会技术系统理论价值观和原则的认知工作分析设计工具包，被应用于为铁路平交道口创建创新设计。文中给出并讨论了基于该应用的评估结果。
