Kuligowska Katarzyna, Lütken Henrik, Müller Renate
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9-13, 2630, Tåstrup, Denmark.
Planta. 2016 Jul;244(1):1-17. doi: 10.1007/s00425-016-2493-7. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
The present review provides insights into the key findings of the hybridization process, crucial factors affecting the adaptation of new technologies within wide hybridization of ornamental plants and presents perspectives of further development of this strategy. Wide hybridization is one of the oldest breeding techniques that contributed enormously to the development of modern plant cultivars. Within ornamental breeding, it represents the main source of genetic variation. During the long history of wide hybridization, a number of methods were implemented allowing the evolution from a conventional breeding tool into a modern methodology. Nowadays, the research on model plants and crop species increases our understanding of reproductive isolation among distant species and partly explains the background of the traditional approaches previously used for overcoming hybridization barriers. Characterization of parental plants and hybrids is performed using molecular and cytological techniques that strongly facilitate breeding processes. Molecular markers and sequencing technologies are used for the assessment of genetic relationships among plants, as the genetic distance is typically depicted as one of the most important factors influencing cross-compatibility in hybridization processes. Furthermore, molecular marker systems are frequently applied for verification of hybrid state of the progeny. The flow cytometry and genomic in situ hybridization are used in the assessment of hybridization partners and characterization of hybrid progeny in relation to genome stabilization as well as genome recombination and introgression. In the future, new research and technologies are likely to provide more detailed information about genes and pathways responsible for interspecific reproductive isolation. Ultimately, this knowledge will enable development of strategies for obtaining compatible lines for hybrid production. Recent development in sequencing technologies and availability of sequence data will also facilitate creation of new molecular markers that will advance marker-assisted selection in hybridization process.
本综述深入探讨了杂交过程的关键发现、影响观赏植物远缘杂交中新技术适应性的关键因素，并提出了该策略的进一步发展前景。远缘杂交是最古老的育种技术之一，对现代植物品种的发展做出了巨大贡献。在观赏植物育种中，它是遗传变异的主要来源。在远缘杂交的漫长历史中，人们采用了多种方法，使其从传统的育种工具演变为现代方法。如今，对模式植物和作物品种的研究增进了我们对远缘物种间生殖隔离的理解，并部分解释了以前用于克服杂交障碍的传统方法的背景。利用分子和细胞学技术对亲本植物和杂种进行表征，这极大地促进了育种过程。分子标记和测序技术用于评估植物之间的遗传关系，因为遗传距离通常被认为是影响杂交过程中杂交亲和性的最重要因素之一。此外，分子标记系统经常用于验证后代的杂种状态。流式细胞术和基因组原位杂交用于评估杂交亲本以及与基因组稳定、基因组重组和渐渗相关的杂种后代的表征。未来，新的研究和技术可能会提供更多关于种间生殖隔离相关基因和途径的详细信息。最终，这些知识将有助于制定获得用于杂交生产的亲和系的策略。测序技术的最新发展和序列数据的可用性也将促进新分子标记的创建，从而推动杂交过程中的标记辅助选择。
