叶片衰老过程中程序性叶绿体破坏涉及13-脂氧合酶（13-LOX）。
Programmed chloroplast destruction during leaf senescence involves 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX).
作者信息
Springer Armin, Kang ChulHee, Rustgi Sachin, von Wettstein Diter, Reinbothe Christiane, Pollmann Stephan, Reinbothe Steffen
机构信息
Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany;
Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164;
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Mar 22;113(12):3383-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1525747113. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
Leaf senescence is the terminal stage in the development of perennial plants. Massive physiological changes occur that lead to the shut down of photosynthesis and a cessation of growth. Leaf senescence involves the selective destruction of the chloroplast as the site of photosynthesis. Here, we show that 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX) accomplishes a key role in the destruction of chloroplasts in senescing plants and propose a critical role of its NH2-terminal chloroplast transit peptide. The 13-LOX enzyme identified here accumulated in the plastid envelope and catalyzed the dioxygenation of unsaturated membrane fatty acids, leading to a selective destruction of the chloroplast and the release of stromal constituents. Because 13-LOX pathway products comprise compounds involved in insect deterrence and pathogen defense (volatile aldehydes and oxylipins), a mechanism of unmolested nitrogen and carbon relocation is suggested that occurs from leaves to seeds and roots during fall.
叶片衰老 是多年生植物发育的末期阶段。会发生大量生理变化，导致光合作用停止和生长终止。叶片衰老涉及作为光合作用场所的叶绿体的选择性破坏。在此，我们表明13-脂氧合酶（13-LOX）在衰老植物叶绿体的破坏中起关键作用，并提出其NH2末端叶绿体转运肽的关键作用。此处鉴定的13-LOX酶在质体包膜中积累，并催化不饱和膜脂肪酸的双加氧反应，导致叶绿体的选择性破坏和基质成分的释放。由于13-LOX途径产物包含参与昆虫威慑和病原体防御的化合物（挥发性醛和氧脂），因此提出了一种在秋季从叶片到种子和根发生的未受干扰的氮和碳重新分配机制。
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