卵母细胞减数分裂纺锤体的组装与功能。
Oocyte Meiotic Spindle Assembly and Function.
作者信息
Severson Aaron F, von Dassow George, Bowerman Bruce
机构信息
Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, Oregon, USA.
出版信息
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2016;116:65-98. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.11.031. Epub 2016 Jan 23.
Gametogenesis in animal oocytes reduces the diploid genome content of germline precursors to a haploid state in gametes by discarding ¾ of the duplicated chromosomes through a sequence of two meiotic cell divisions called meiosis I and II. The assembly of the microtubule-based spindle structure that mediates this reduction in genome content remains poorly understood compared to our knowledge of mitotic spindle assembly and function. In this review, we consider the diversity of oocyte meiotic spindle assembly and structure across animal phylogeny, review recent advances in our understanding of how animal oocytes assemble spindles in the absence of the centriole-based microtubule-organizing centers that dominate mitotic spindle assembly, and discuss different models for how chromosomes are captured and moved to achieve chromosome segregation during oocyte meiotic cell division.
动物卵母细胞中的配子发生过程通过减数分裂 I 和 II 这两个连续的减数分裂细胞分裂过程，将种系前体细胞的二倍体基因组含量通过丢弃四分之三的复制染色体而降低到配子中的单倍体状态。与我们对有丝分裂纺锤体组装和功能的了解相比，介导这种基因组含量减少的基于微管的纺锤体结构的组装仍知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了动物系统发育中卵母细胞减数分裂纺锤体组装和结构的多样性，回顾了我们对动物卵母细胞在缺乏主导有丝分裂纺锤体组装的基于中心粒的微管组织中心的情况下如何组装纺锤体的最新认识进展，并讨论了在卵母细胞减数分裂细胞分裂过程中染色体如何被捕获和移动以实现染色体分离的不同模型。
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