以女性为重点的戒烟项目：一项定性研究。
Woman focused smoking cessation programming: a qualitative study.
作者信息
Minian Nadia, Penner Jessica, Voci Sabrina, Selby Peter
机构信息
Addictions Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada.
出版信息
BMC Womens Health. 2016 Mar 12;16:17. doi: 10.1186/s12905-016-0298-2.
BACKGROUND
Several studies of smoking cessation programs in clinical settings have revealed poorer outcomes for women compared to men, including counselling alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy. The objective of the current study was to explore treatment and program structure needs and preferences among female clients in a specialized smoking cessation clinic in an academic mental health and addiction health science centre in order to inform program design so that it meets the needs of female clients.
METHODS
Four focus groups were conducted with current and former female clients (n = 23, mode age range = 50-59 years old, 56.5% were still smoking and 43.5% had quit) who had registered for outpatient smoking cessation treatment. Questions were designed to examine what aspects of the services were helpful and what changes they would like to see to better assist them and other women with quitting smoking. A thematic analysis of the raw data (audio recordings and notes taken during the focus groups) was conducted using a phenomenological theoretical framework.
RESULTS
Themes that emerged indicated that females trying to quit smoking are best supported if they have choice from a variety of services so that treatment can be individualized to meet their specific needs; psychosocial support is provided both one-one-one with health care professionals and by peers in support groups; free pharmacotherapy is available to eliminate financial barriers to use; women-specific educational topics and support groups are offered; the clinic is accessible with evening/weekend hours, options to attend a local clinic, and childcare availability; and communication about clinic services and operation are clear, readily available, and regularly updated.
CONCLUSIONS
An ideal smoking cessation program for women includes a women's centred approach with sufficient variety and choice, free pharmacotherapy, non-judgmental support, accessible services and clear communication of program options and changes. Findings may suggest an actionable list of adaptations that can be adopted by other clinics providing smoking cessation services to women.
背景
多项针对临床环境中戒烟项目的研究表明，与男性相比，女性的戒烟效果较差，无论是单独咨询还是咨询与药物治疗相结合的情况。本研究的目的是探索在一所学术性心理健康与成瘾健康科学中心的专业戒烟诊所中，女性客户对治疗及项目结构的需求和偏好，以便为项目设计提供参考，使其能够满足女性客户的需求。
方法
对已登记门诊戒烟治疗的现女性客户和 former female clients（n = 23，年龄中位数范围为 50 - 59 岁，56.5%仍在吸烟，43.5%已戒烟）进行了四个焦点小组访谈。问题旨在考察服务的哪些方面有帮助，以及她们希望看到哪些变化以更好地协助自己和其他女性戒烟。使用现象学理论框架对原始数据（焦点小组期间的录音和笔记）进行了主题分析。
结果
出现的主题表明，如果试图戒烟的女性能够从多种服务中进行选择，以便治疗能够个性化以满足她们的特定需求，那么她们将得到最好的支持；心理社会支持既由医疗保健专业人员一对一提供，也由支持小组中的同伴提供；提供免费药物治疗以消除使用的经济障碍；提供针对女性的教育主题和支持小组；诊所提供晚间/周末服务时间、可选择前往当地诊所就诊以及提供托儿服务，方便就诊；诊所服务和运营的沟通清晰、随时可得且定期更新。
结论
理想的女性戒烟项目应包括以女性为中心的方法，提供足够的多样性和选择、免费药物治疗、无评判的支持、可及的服务以及项目选项和变化的清晰沟通。研究结果可能为其他为女性提供戒烟服务的诊所提供一份可采取行动的调整清单。
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