Neta Maital, Nelson Steven M, Petersen Steven E
Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE68588, USA.
VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX 76711, USA.
Cereb Cortex. 2017 Mar 1;27(3):2154-2165. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhw053.
The cingulo-opercular network (including the dorsal anterior cingulate and bilateral anterior insula) shows 3 distinct task-control signals across a wide variety of tasks, including trial-related signals that appear to come online at or near the end of the trial. Previous work suggests that there are separable responses in this network for errors and ambiguity, implicating multiple types of processing units within these regions. Using a unique paradigm, we directly show that these separable responses withhold activity to the end of the trial, in the service of reporting performance back into the task set. Participants performed a slow reveal task where images were presented behind a black mask which was gradually degraded, and they pressed a button when they could recognize the object that was being revealed. A behavioral pilot was used to identify ambiguous stimuli. We found interactive effects of accuracy and ambiguity, which suggests that these regions are computing and utilizing information, at one time, about both types of performance indices. Importantly, we showed a relationship between cingulo-opercular activity and behavioral performance, suggesting a role for these regions in performance reporting, per se. We discuss these results in the context of task control.
扣带回-脑岛网络（包括背侧前扣带回和双侧前脑岛）在各种各样的任务中显示出3种不同的任务控制信号，包括与试验相关的信号，这些信号似乎在试验结束时或接近试验结束时出现。先前的研究表明，该网络对错误和模糊性有可分离的反应，这意味着这些区域内存在多种类型的处理单元。使用一种独特的范式，我们直接表明，这些可分离的反应会抑制活动直至试验结束，以便将表现反馈回任务集。参与者执行了一项缓慢揭示任务，图像呈现在一个黑色遮罩后面，遮罩会逐渐变淡，当他们能够识别出正在被揭示的物体时就按下按钮。一项行为预实验用于识别模糊刺激。我们发现了准确性和模糊性的交互作用，这表明这些区域同时在计算和利用关于这两种表现指标的信息。重要的是，我们展示了扣带回-脑岛活动与行为表现之间的关系，表明这些区域本身在表现反馈中发挥作用。我们在任务控制的背景下讨论这些结果。
