Pant Pallavi, Guttikunda Sarath K, Peltier Richard E
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA 01003, USA.
Institute of Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, India; Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 225 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA.
Environ Res. 2016 May;147:480-96. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.011. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
Air pollution poses a critical threat to human health with ambient and household air pollution identified as key health risks in India. While there are many studies investigating concentration, composition, and health effects of air pollution, investigators are only beginning to focus on estimating or measuring personal exposure. Further, the relevance of exposures studies from the developed countries in developing countries is uncertain. This review summarizes existing research on exposure to particulate matter (PM) in India, identifies gaps and offers recommendations for future research. There are a limited number of studies focused on exposure to PM and/or associated health effects in India, but it is evident that levels of exposure are much higher than those reported in developed countries. Most studies have focused on coarse aerosols, with a few studies on fine aerosols. Additionally, most studies have focused on a handful of cities, and there are many unknowns in terms of ambient levels of PM as well as personal exposure. Given the high mortality burden associated with air pollution exposure in India, a deeper understanding of ambient pollutant levels as well as source strengths is crucial, both in urban and rural areas. Further, the attention needs to expand beyond the handful large cities that have been studied in detail.
空气污染对人类健康构成了严重威胁，在印度，室外空气污染和室内空气污染被视为主要的健康风险因素。虽然有许多研究对空气污染的浓度、成分及健康影响进行了调查，但研究人员才刚刚开始关注对个人暴露情况的估计或测量。此外，来自发达国家的暴露研究在发展中国家的适用性尚不确定。本综述总结了印度现有关于颗粒物（PM）暴露的研究，找出了差距，并为未来研究提出了建议。在印度，关注PM暴露及/或相关健康影响的研究数量有限，但显然印度的暴露水平远高于发达国家报告的水平。大多数研究集中在粗气溶胶上，对细气溶胶的研究较少。此外，大多数研究集中在少数几个城市，在PM的环境水平以及个人暴露方面存在诸多未知因素。鉴于印度与空气污染暴露相关的高死亡负担，深入了解城乡地区的环境污染物水平以及污染源强度至关重要。此外，关注范围需要扩大到那些已被详细研究的少数大城市之外。
