Ramakers Anke, Nieuwbeerta Paul, Van Wilsem Johan, Dirkzwager Anja
1 Leiden University, The Netherlands.
2 Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2017 Dec;61(16):1795-1818. doi: 10.1177/0306624X16636141. Epub 2016 Jul 28.
Ex-prisoners' recidivism risks are high. Several theories state that employment can reduce these risks but emphasize that the protective role of employment is conditional on job qualities (work intensity, job duration, etc.). Longitudinal research on the role of employment in ex-prisoners' recidivism patterns is scarce, and most existing work used a simplistic employment measure (i.e., employed vs. unemployed), leaving the topic of job quality underexplored. This study examines the association between employment characteristics and recidivism among Dutch ex-prisoners. Using longitudinal data of the Prison Project ( n = 714), we found that not just any job, but particularly stable employment and jobs with a higher occupational level could help reduce crime rates among these high-risk offenders. Many ex-prisoners face a human capital deficit that complicates the guidance to high-quality jobs. It might, however, be possible to help place ex-prisoners in stable employment.
刑满释放人员再次犯罪的风险很高。有几种理论认为就业可以降低这些风险，但强调就业的保护作用取决于工作质量（工作强度、工作时长等）。关于就业在刑满释放人员再犯罪模式中的作用的纵向研究很少，而且大多数现有研究采用的就业衡量标准过于简单（即就业与失业），使得工作质量这一话题未得到充分探讨。本研究考察了荷兰刑满释放人员的就业特征与再犯罪之间的关联。利用“监狱项目”的纵向数据（n = 714），我们发现，并非任何工作都有此作用，而是特别是稳定就业以及职业层次较高的工作，有助于降低这些高风险罪犯的犯罪率。许多刑满释放人员面临人力资本不足的问题，这使得他们难以获得高质量工作的指导。然而，或许有可能帮助刑满释放人员获得稳定就业。
