Torres-Carvajal Omar, Lobos Simón E, Venegas Pablo J, Chávez Germán, Aguirre-Peñafiel Vanessa, Zurita Daniel, Echevarría Lourdes Y
Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador.
Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2016 Jun;99:63-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.006. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
Nearly 50% of the diversity of the speciose Neotropical lizard clade Gymnophthalmidae is nested within the subclade Cercosaurinae. The taxonomy of Cercosaurinae lizards has been historically confusing because many diagnostic characters of those clades traditionally ranked as genera do not represent true diagnostic apomorphies. Even though molecular phylogenies of several 'genera' have been presented in the last few years, some of them remain poorly sampled (e.g., Anadia, Echinosaura, Potamites, Riama). In this paper we present a more comprehensive phylogeny of Cercosaurinae lizards with emphasis on Andean taxa from Ecuador and Peru, as well as a time-calibrated phylogeny with reconstruction of ancestral areas. Our analysis includes 52% of all recognized species of Cercosaurinae (67 species) and 1914 characters including three mitochondrial and one nuclear gene. We find that Anadia, Echinosaura, Euspondylus, Potamites, Proctoporus, and Riama are not monophyletic: the Tepuian Anadia mcdiarmidi is not sister to Andean species of Anadia; Echinosaura sulcarostrum is not included in the same clade formed by other species of Echinosaura and their more recent common ancestor; Teuchocercus is nested within Echinosaura; species of Euspondylus included in this study are nested within Proctoporus; Riama laudahnae is included in Proctoporus; and Potamites is paraphyletic and split in two separate clades, one of which we name Gelanesaurus, also a new genus-group name. Within Potamites, P. ecpleopus is paraphyletic, and P. strangulatus strangulatus and P. strangulatus trachodus are recognized as two distinct species. We also identify three unnamed clades (i.e., not nested within any of the recognized 'genera') from Andean populations in Ecuador and Peru. The estimated age of the clade Cercosaurinae (∼60Ma) corresponds to the early stages of the northern Andes. Even though the distribution of the most recent common ancestor of Cercosaurinae remains equivocal, our analysis shows that these lizards colonized and radiated along the northern Andes before reaching the central Andes in Peru. Finally, we present phylogenetic definitions for some of the recovered clades to promote a clear and precise classification of Cercosaurinae lizards.
物种丰富的新热带蜥蜴类群裸眼蜥科近50%的多样性嵌套在 cercosaurinae 亚科中。Cercosaurinae 蜥蜴的分类在历史上一直很混乱，因为那些传统上被列为属的类群的许多诊断特征并不代表真正的诊断性近裔性状。尽管在过去几年中已经提出了几个“属”的分子系统发育，但其中一些仍然采样不足（例如，Anadia、Echinosaura、Potamites、Riama）。在本文中，我们展示了一个更全面的 Cercosaurinae 蜥蜴系统发育，重点是来自厄瓜多尔和秘鲁的安第斯类群，以及一个带有祖先区域重建的时间校准系统发育。我们的分析包括 Cercosaurinae 所有已确认物种的52%（67种）和1914个特征，包括三个线粒体基因和一个核基因。我们发现 Anadia、Echinosaura、Euspondylus、Potamites、Proctoporus 和 Riama 不是单系的：特普伊山的 Anadia mcdiarmidi 不是安第斯 Anadia 物种的姐妹种；Echinosaura sulcarostrum 不包含在由其他 Echinosaura 物种及其最近共同祖先形成的同一类群中；Teuchocercus 嵌套在 Echinosaura 中；本研究中包含的 Euspondylus 物种嵌套在 Proctoporus 中；Riama laudahnae 包含在 Proctoporus 中；Potamites 是并系的，分为两个独立的类群，其中一个我们命名为 Gelanesaurus，也是一个新的属级名称。在 Potamites 中，P. ecpleopus 是并系的，P. strangulatus strangulatus 和 P. strangulatus trachodus 被认为是两个不同的物种。我们还从厄瓜多尔和秘鲁的安第斯种群中识别出三个未命名的类群（即不嵌套在任何已确认的“属”中）。Cercosaurinae 类群的估计年龄（约6000万年）与安第斯山脉北部的早期阶段相对应。尽管 Cercosaurinae 最近共同祖先的分布仍然不明确，但我们的分析表明，这些蜥蜴在到达秘鲁的安第斯山脉中部之前，沿着安第斯山脉北部进行了殖民和辐射。最后，我们为一些恢复的类群提出了系统发育定义，以促进对 Cercosaurinae 蜥蜴进行清晰准确的分类。
