Dutton G N
Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Int Ophthalmol. 1989 Dec;13(6):407-13. doi: 10.1007/BF02306490.
The manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis vary considerably in degree, characteristics and time of onset. Options for prevention of the disease include the appropriate disposal of cat litter and the avoidance of ingestion of both contaminated food and undercooked meat by pregnant women. Immunisation of the domestic cat population is a consideration for the future. Alternatively, immunisation of sero-negative pregnant women awaits the introduction of an effective and safe reagent. Current treatment modalities are not universally effective and new drugs are the subject of active development and research. Screening of pregnant women or perhaps newborn infants are potential options but the cost effectivity has yet to be established in many countries and the results of treatment during pregnancy and early childhood are encouraging but are as yet unproven. The majority of patients with congenital toxoplasmosis eventually develop toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Current treatment options for this condition are outlined. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) may, in some cases, represent a recrudescence of congenital intracerebral infection. Current treatment strategies for this condition are discussed.
先天性弓形虫病的表现程度、特征和发病时间差异很大。预防该疾病的方法包括妥善处理猫砂，以及孕妇避免摄入受污染食物和未煮熟的肉类。对家猫群体进行免疫接种是未来可考虑的事项。另外，对血清学阴性的孕妇进行免疫接种有待有效且安全试剂的推出。目前的治疗方式并非普遍有效，新药正处于积极研发阶段。对孕妇甚至新生儿进行筛查是可能的选择，但在许多国家，其成本效益尚未确定，孕期和幼儿期的治疗结果虽令人鼓舞，但尚未得到证实。大多数先天性弓形虫病患者最终会发展为弓形虫性视网膜脉络膜炎。本文概述了针对这种情况的当前治疗选择。在某些情况下，获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）可能是先天性脑内感染的复发。本文讨论了针对这种情况的当前治疗策略。
