Chunhabundit Rodjana
Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine at Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Toxicol Res. 2016 Jan;32(1):65-72. doi: 10.5487/TR.2016.32.1.065. Epub 2016 Jan 31.
Man-made cadmium (Cd) emissions can be transported between environmental matrices and the food chain. Food is the primary source of Cd exposure among general population as a consequence of the bio-concentration of Cd from soil. Chronic Cd exposure has been reported to be associated with chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) established the safe level of Cd intake as provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) of 25 μg/kg bw in 2010. The major food groups that contribute to the most Cd exposure are rice and grains, shellfish and sea food, meat including edible offal, and vegetables. A number of studies reported the high Cd contaminated levels in foods from polluted areas in Thailand. The results are of high concern since the contaminations occur in foods that are major Cd contributors. Thus, in this review, the current situations of Cd contaminated foods in polluted areas of Thailand are summarized. In addition, the Cd intakes from selected scenarios are estimated to assess the potential health risk to consumers and the suggestions are also included.
人为镉（Cd）排放可在环境介质和食物链之间转移。由于土壤中镉的生物富集作用，食物是普通人群镉暴露的主要来源。据报道，长期镉暴露与慢性肾病、骨质疏松症、糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症有关。联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA）在2010年将镉的安全摄入量设定为暂定每月耐受摄入量（PTMI），即25微克/千克体重。导致镉暴露最多的主要食物类别是大米和谷物、贝类和海鲜、包括食用内脏的肉类以及蔬菜。多项研究报告了泰国污染地区食品中镉的高污染水平。这些结果令人高度关注，因为污染发生在镉的主要贡献食物中。因此，在本综述中，总结了泰国污染地区镉污染食品的现状。此外，还估计了特定场景下的镉摄入量，以评估对消费者的潜在健康风险，并给出了相关建议。
