Calixto Giovana Maria Fioramonti, Bernegossi Jéssica, de Freitas Laura Marise, Fontana Carla Raquel, Chorilli Marlus
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Araraquara 14800-903 SP, Brazil.
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Araraquara 14800-903 SP, Brazil.
Molecules. 2016 Mar 11;21(3):342. doi: 10.3390/molecules21030342.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative approach for improved cancer treatment. In PDT, a photosensitizer (PS) is administered that can be activated by light of a specific wavelength, which causes selective damage to the tumor and its surrounding vasculature. The success of PDT is limited by the difficulty in administering photosensitizers (PSs) with low water solubility, which compromises the clinical use of several molecules. Incorporation of PSs in nanostructured drug delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), hydrogels, liposomes, liquid crystals, dendrimers, and cyclodextrin is a potential strategy to overcome this difficulty. Additionally, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems may improve the transcytosis of a PS across epithelial and endothelial barriers and afford the simultaneous co-delivery of two or more drugs. Based on this, the application of nanotechnology in medicine may offer numerous exciting possibilities in cancer treatment and improve the efficacy of available therapeutics. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for photodynamic therapy of cancer.
光动力疗法（PDT）是一种很有前景的癌症治疗替代方法。在光动力疗法中，会施用一种光敏剂（PS），其可被特定波长的光激活，从而对肿瘤及其周围脉管系统造成选择性损伤。光动力疗法的成功受到施用低水溶性光敏剂（PSs）的困难限制，这影响了几种分子的临床应用。将光敏剂纳入纳米结构药物递送系统，如聚合物纳米颗粒（PNP）、固体脂质纳米颗粒（SLN）、纳米结构脂质载体（NLC）、金纳米颗粒（AuNP）、水凝胶、脂质体、液晶、树枝状大分子和环糊精，是克服这一困难的潜在策略。此外，基于纳米技术的药物递送系统可改善光敏剂跨上皮和内皮屏障的转胞吞作用，并实现两种或更多种药物的同时共递送。基于此，纳米技术在医学中的应用可能为癌症治疗带来众多令人兴奋的可能性，并提高现有治疗方法的疗效。因此，本文旨在综述基于纳米技术的癌症光动力疗法药物递送系统。
