Zaback Martin, Carpenter Mark G, Adkin Allan L
Balance and Gait Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Neural Control of Posture and Movement Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Neural Control of Posture and Movement Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Gait Posture. 2016 Mar;45:19-24. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.12.033. Epub 2015 Dec 24.
Postural threat, manipulated through changes in surface height, influences postural control. Evidence suggests changes in attention may contribute to this relationship. However, limited research has explored where and how attention is reallocated when threatened. The primary aim of this study was to describe changes in attention when presented with a postural threat, while a secondary aim was to explore associations between changes in attention and postural control. Eighty-two healthy young adults completed tests of static (quiet standing) and anticipatory (rise to toes) postural control under threatening and non-threatening conditions. Participants completed an open-ended questionnaire after each postural task which asked them to list what they thought about or directed their attention toward. Each item listed was assigned a percentage value reflecting how much attention it occupied. Exit interviews were completed to help confirm where attention was directed. Five attention categories were identified: movement processes, threat-relevant stimuli, self-regulatory strategies, task objectives, and task-irrelevant information. For both postural tasks, the percentage values and number of items listed for movement processes, threat-relevant stimuli, and self-regulatory strategies increased under threatening compared to non-threatening conditions, while the percentage values and number of items listed for task objectives and task-irrelevant information decreased. Changes in attention related to movement processes and self-regulatory strategies were associated with changes in static postural control, while changes in attention related to threat-relevant stimuli were associated with changes in anticipatory postural control. These results suggest that threat-induced changes in attention are multidimensional and contribute to changes in postural control.
通过改变表面高度来操控的姿势威胁会影响姿势控制。有证据表明注意力的变化可能促成了这种关系。然而，仅有有限的研究探讨了在受到威胁时注意力在何处以及如何重新分配。本研究的主要目的是描述面对姿势威胁时注意力的变化，次要目的是探究注意力变化与姿势控制之间的关联。82名健康的年轻成年人在威胁和非威胁条件下完成了静态（安静站立）和预期性（踮起脚尖）姿势控制测试。在每个姿势任务后，参与者完成了一份开放式问卷，要求他们列出自己所想的或注意力所指向的内容。列出的每个项目都被赋予一个百分比值，反映其占据的注意力程度。完成退场访谈以帮助确认注意力的指向位置。确定了五个注意力类别：运动过程、与威胁相关的刺激、自我调节策略、任务目标和与任务无关的信息。对于这两个姿势任务，与非威胁条件相比，在威胁条件下，运动过程、与威胁相关的刺激和自我调节策略列出的项目百分比值和数量增加，而任务目标和与任务无关信息列出的项目百分比值和数量减少。与运动过程和自我调节策略相关的注意力变化与静态姿势控制的变化相关，而与威胁相关刺激相关的注意力变化与预期性姿势控制的变化相关。这些结果表明，威胁引起的注意力变化是多维度的，并促成了姿势控制的变化。
