Giovino Gary A, Gardiner Phillip S
Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY;
Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program, University of California, Office of the President, Oakland, CA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2016 Apr;18 Suppl 1:S1-6. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv234.
Although multiple factors likely influence the differences between African Americans (AAs) and whites in cardiovascular disease and lung cancer mortality rates, historical patterns of tobacco use, particularly cigarette smoking, are the major contributors. This issue of Nicotine & Tobacco Research presents original research, a review, and commentaries that will serve to advance our understanding of several relevant behavioral similarities and differences between AAs and whites.
Here, we illustrate how the diverging trends in cigarette smoking between AA and white high school seniors observed since the mid-1970s were influenced by patterns of ever use and current use among ever users. During 1977 to 2014, the percentage of current users among ever users was higher, but less variable, among whites than AAs. Among adults, trends in self-reported cigarette smoking among non-Hispanic AAs and non-Hispanic whites are available since 1978. The trends observed were likely due in part to the maturation of the high school senior cohorts from the 1970s and 1980s when AA smoking rates declined sharply relative to whites. Later age of initiation among AAs and less quitting among older AAs, relative to whites, also contribute.
Further research on multiple topics, including the continuation of use among ever users, use of multiple combusted and noncombusted products, provision of cessation support services, influence of discrimination, and validity of self-report would expand the science base. Strategies to reduce the marketing and availability of menthol and other characterizing flavorings and to enrich environments would promote the public's health.
尽管多种因素可能影响非裔美国人（AA）和白人在心血管疾病和肺癌死亡率上的差异，但烟草使用的历史模式，尤其是吸烟，是主要因素。本期《尼古丁与烟草研究》发表了原创研究、一篇综述和评论文章，有助于增进我们对AA和白人之间一些相关行为异同的理解。
在此，我们阐述了自20世纪70年代中期以来，在AA和白人高中高年级学生中观察到的吸烟趋势差异是如何受到曾经吸烟者的曾经使用模式和当前使用模式影响的。在1977年至2014年期间，白人中曾经吸烟者中当前吸烟者的比例更高，但变化较小，高于AA人群。在成年人中，自1978年以来有非西班牙裔AA和非西班牙裔白人自我报告吸烟情况的趋势。观察到的趋势可能部分归因于20世纪70年代和80年代高中高年级学生群体的成熟，当时AA吸烟率相对于白人急剧下降。相对于白人，AA开始吸烟的年龄较晚，且老年AA戒烟较少，这也有影响。
对多个主题的进一步研究，包括曾经吸烟者的持续使用情况、多种燃烧和非燃烧产品的使用、戒烟支持服务的提供、歧视的影响以及自我报告的有效性，将扩大科学基础。减少薄荷醇和其他特征性调味剂的营销和可得性以及改善环境的策略将促进公众健康。
