Kulak Jessica A, Cornelius Monica E, Fong Geoffrey T, Giovino Gary A
Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY;
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC;
Nicotine Tob Res. 2016 Apr;18 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S79-87. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv228.
While cigarette smoking prevalence is declining among US adults, quit rates may differ between white and African American smokers. Here, we summarize the literature on smoking cessation behaviors in whites and African Americans across four study designs and report the findings of new analyses of International Tobacco Control (ITC) US Survey cohort data.
We reviewed 32 publications containing 39 relevant analyses that compared quit attempts and abstinence between US whites and African Americans. Two additional longitudinal analyses were conducted on 821 white and 76 African American cigarette smokers from Waves 7 and 8 of the ITC US Survey (mean follow-up = 19 months).
Of 17 total analyses of quit attempts, nine (including the ITC US Survey) observed that African American smokers were more likely than whites to attempt to quit during a given year; seven found no differences. Whites were more likely than African Americans to be abstinent in five of six retrospective cohort analyses and in two of five considered community- and population-based cohort studies. Four of these 11 analyses, including one from the ITC US Survey, found no differences.
Of 11 population- or community-based analyses, all seven that found significant differences indicated that whites were more likely to quit than African Americans. These findings, combined with the similar results from population-based birth cohort analyses, support the conclusion that white smokers are more likely to quit than African American smokers. Efforts to encourage and support quitting among all tobacco users remain a priority.
This article provides a review of the literature on smoking cessation among African American and white smokers, and adds new analyses that compare quit attempts and abstinence between US African Americans and whites. Results demonstrate a clear distinction between the findings of cross-sectional and retrospective cohort studies with those of cohort studies. Reasons for these differences merit further study.
虽然美国成年人吸烟率在下降，但白人和非裔美国吸烟者的戒烟率可能存在差异。在此，我们总结了四项研究设计中关于白人和非裔美国人戒烟行为的文献，并报告了国际烟草控制（ITC）美国调查队列数据新分析的结果。
我们回顾了32篇包含39项相关分析的出版物，这些分析比较了美国白人和非裔美国人的戒烟尝试及戒烟情况。对ITC美国调查第7波和第8波的821名白人吸烟者和76名非裔美国吸烟者进行了另外两项纵向分析（平均随访时间 = 19个月）。
在17项关于戒烟尝试的分析中，9项（包括ITC美国调查）观察到，在特定年份，非裔美国吸烟者比白人吸烟者更有可能尝试戒烟；7项未发现差异。在六项回顾性队列分析中的五项以及五项基于社区和人群的队列研究中的两项中，白人比非裔美国人更有可能戒烟。这11项分析中的四项，包括ITC美国调查中的一项，未发现差异。
在11项基于人群或社区的分析中，所有发现显著差异的7项分析均表明，白人比非裔美国人更有可能戒烟。这些发现，再加上基于人群的出生队列分析的类似结果，支持了白人吸烟者比非裔美国吸烟者更有可能戒烟的结论。鼓励和支持所有烟草使用者戒烟的努力仍然是一项优先事项。
本文回顾了关于非裔美国人和白人吸烟者戒烟的文献，并增加了比较美国非裔美国人和白人戒烟尝试及戒烟情况的新分析。结果表明横断面研究和回顾性队列研究与队列研究的结果存在明显差异。这些差异的原因值得进一步研究。
