Bulat Tanja, Smidak Roman, Sialana Fernando J, Jung Gangsoo, Rattei Thomas, Bilban Martin, Sattmann Helmut, Lubec Gert, Aradska Jana
Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Division of Computational System Biology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
PLoS One. 2016 Mar 17;11(3):e0150614. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150614. eCollection 2016.
The Spanish slug, Arion vulgaris, is considered one of the hundred most invasive species in Central Europe. The immense and very successful adaptation and spreading of A. vulgaris suggest that it developed highly effective mechanisms to deal with infections and natural predators. Current transcriptomic and proteomic studies on gastropods have been restricted mainly to marine and freshwater gastropods. No transcriptomic or proteomic study on A. vulgaris has been carried out so far, and in the current study, the first transcriptomic database from adult specimen of A. vulgaris is reported. To facilitate and enable proteomics in this non-model organism, a mRNA-derived protein database was constructed for protein identification. A gel-based proteomic approach was used to obtain the first generation of a comprehensive slug mantle proteome. A total of 2128 proteins were unambiguously identified; 48 proteins represent novel proteins with no significant homology in NCBI non-redundant database. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed an extensive repertoire of novel proteins with a role in innate immunity including many associated pattern recognition, effector proteins and cytokine-like proteins. The number and diversity in gene families encoding lectins point to a complex defense system, probably as a result of adaptation to a pathogen-rich environment. These results are providing a fundamental and important resource for subsequent studies on molluscs as well as for putative antimicrobial compounds for drug discovery and biomedical applications.
西班牙蛞蝓（Arion vulgaris）被认为是中欧最具入侵性的100个物种之一。普通蛞蝓的广泛且非常成功的适应与传播表明，它已进化出高效的机制来应对感染和自然天敌。目前对腹足纲动物的转录组学和蛋白质组学研究主要局限于海洋和淡水腹足纲动物。到目前为止，尚未对普通蛞蝓进行转录组学或蛋白质组学研究，在本研究中，我们报道了首个来自普通蛞蝓成年个体的转录组数据库。为了在这种非模式生物中促进并实现蛋白质组学研究，构建了一个源自mRNA的蛋白质数据库用于蛋白质鉴定。采用基于凝胶的蛋白质组学方法获得了第一代全面的蛞蝓外套膜蛋白质组。共明确鉴定出2128种蛋白质；48种蛋白质代表在NCBI非冗余数据库中无显著同源性的新蛋白质。转录组学和蛋白质组学的联合分析揭示了大量在先天免疫中起作用的新蛋白质，包括许多相关的模式识别蛋白、效应蛋白和细胞因子样蛋白。编码凝集素的基因家族的数量和多样性表明存在一个复杂的防御系统，这可能是适应富含病原体环境的结果。这些结果为后续的软体动物研究以及用于药物发现和生物医学应用的潜在抗菌化合物提供了重要的基础资源。
