非编码 RNA 革命——打破旧规则，开创新局面。

The noncoding RNA revolution-trashing old rules to forge new ones.

机构信息

Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.

出版信息

Cell. 2014 Mar 27;157(1):77-94. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.008.

DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.008

PMID:24679528

Abstract

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) accomplish a remarkable variety of biological functions. They regulate gene expression at the levels of transcription, RNA processing, and translation. They protect genomes from foreign nucleic acids. They can guide DNA synthesis or genome rearrangement. For ribozymes and riboswitches, the RNA structure itself provides the biological function, but most ncRNAs operate as RNA-protein complexes, including ribosomes, snRNPs, snoRNPs, telomerase, microRNAs, and long ncRNAs. Many, though not all, ncRNAs exploit the power of base pairing to selectively bind and act on other nucleic acids. Here, we describe the pathway of ncRNA research, where every established "rule" seems destined to be overturned.

摘要

非编码 RNA（ncRNA）具有多种重要的生物学功能。它们可以在转录、RNA 加工和翻译等层面上调控基因表达。它们还能保护基因组免受外来核酸的侵害。ncRNA 可以引导 DNA 合成或基因组重排。对于核酶和核酶开关，RNA 结构本身提供了生物学功能，但大多数 ncRNA 以 RNA-蛋白复合物的形式发挥作用，包括核糖体、snRNP、snoRNP、端粒酶、microRNA 和长链非编码 RNA。许多 ncRNA 利用碱基配对的能力来选择性地结合和作用于其他核酸，但并非所有 ncRNA 都如此。在这里，我们描述了 ncRNA 研究的途径，其中每一个既定的“规则”似乎都注定要被推翻。