Matsumoto Shinichi, Tomiya Masayuki, Sawamoto Osamu
Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Naruto, Japan.
Islet Transplantation Project National Institute for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
J Diabetes. 2016 Jul;8(4):483-93. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12395.
β-Cell replacement therapy, including allogeneic pancreas and islet transplantation, can normalize HbA1c levels in unstable type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients, but a donor shortage is a serious issue. To overcome this problem, xenotransplantation is an attractive option. In fact, islet transplantation from porcine pancreata was performed in the 1990s, which opened the door for islet xenotransplantation, but the possibility of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) infection was raised, which has restricted progress in this field. The International Xenotransplantation Association published a consensus statement on conditions for undertaking clinical trials of porcine islet products in T1D to restart islet xenotransplantation safely. Clinical porcine islet xenotransplantation was restarted under comprehensive regulations in New Zealand. In addition, newly emerged gene-editing technologies have activated the xenotransplantation field. Islet xenotransplantation is becoming a clinical reality, with the results of recent studies showing promise to advance this field.
β细胞替代疗法，包括同种异体胰腺和胰岛移植，可使不稳定的1型糖尿病（T1D）患者的糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平正常化，但供体短缺是一个严重问题。为克服这一问题，异种移植是一个有吸引力的选择。事实上，20世纪90年代进行了猪胰腺胰岛移植，为胰岛异种移植打开了大门，但猪内源性逆转录病毒（PERV）感染的可能性被提出，这限制了该领域的进展。国际异种移植协会发布了一份关于开展T1D猪胰岛产品临床试验条件的共识声明，以安全重启胰岛异种移植。在新西兰的全面监管下，临床猪胰岛异种移植得以重启。此外，新出现的基因编辑技术激活了异种移植领域。胰岛异种移植正成为临床现实，最近的研究结果显示出推动该领域发展的希望。
