Pfefferbaum Betty, Noffsinger Mary A, Jacobs Anne K, Varma Vandana
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Terrorism and Disaster Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, P.O. Box 26901, WP-3217, Oklahoma City, OK, 73126-0901, USA.
Courtroom Sciences, Inc., 4950 North O'Connor Road, Suite 100, Irving, TX, 75062, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2016 May;18(5):48. doi: 10.1007/s11920-016-0685-2.
A growing literature has begun to address the cognitions that influence children's disaster reactions as well as the effects of disasters on children's cognitions. These cognitions must be viewed in the context of developmental and cultural considerations as well as disaster-related factors such as exposure and secondary stressors. This review examines the extant literature on children's cognitions related to disasters and terrorism including threat appraisal, beliefs, attention and concentration, memory, academic achievement, and executive functioning. The review highlights areas where research is lacking such as the effect of disasters on children's attention, concentration, content of disaster memories, and executive functioning. It also notes findings that may advance post-disaster screening and intervention.
越来越多的文献开始探讨影响儿童灾难反应的认知以及灾难对儿童认知的影响。必须从发展和文化因素以及与灾难相关的因素（如暴露和继发性应激源）的背景下来看待这些认知。本综述考察了关于儿童与灾难和恐怖主义相关的认知的现有文献，包括威胁评估、信念、注意力与专注力、记忆、学业成绩和执行功能。该综述突出了研究不足的领域，如灾难对儿童注意力、专注力、灾难记忆内容和执行功能的影响。它还指出了可能推动灾后筛查和干预的研究结果。
