Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2016 Aug 15;114:3-13. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.017. Epub 2016 Mar 19.
There are significant numbers of nutrient sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that can be found in cells of the immune system and in tissues that are involved in metabolic function, such as the pancreas or the intestinal epithelium. The family of free fatty acid receptors (FFAR1-4, GPR84), plus a few other metabolite sensing receptors (GPR109A, GPR91, GPR35) have been for this reason the focus of studies linking the effects of nutrients with immunological responses. A number of the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects credited to dietary fats such as omega-3 fatty acids are attributed to their actions on FFAR4.This might play an important protective role in the development of obesity, insulin resistance or asthma. The role of the short-chain fatty acids resulting from fermentation of fibre by the intestinal microbiota in regulating acute inflammatory responses is also discussed. Finally we assess the therapeutic potential of this family of receptors to treat pathologies where inflammation is a major factor such as type 2 diabetes, whether by the use of novel synthetic molecules or by the modulation of the individual's diet.
有大量的营养感应 G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）可以在免疫系统的细胞和参与代谢功能的组织中找到，如胰腺或肠上皮。为此，游离脂肪酸受体（FFAR1-4、GPR84）家族，加上其他一些代谢物感应受体（GPR109A、GPR91、GPR35）一直是将营养物质的作用与免疫反应联系起来的研究焦点。许多被认为对人体有益的抗炎作用归因于饮食脂肪，如ω-3 脂肪酸，这归因于它们对 FFAR4 的作用。这可能在肥胖、胰岛素抵抗或哮喘的发展中发挥重要的保护作用。肠道微生物群发酵纤维产生的短链脂肪酸在调节急性炎症反应中的作用也在讨论中。最后，我们评估了这一家族受体在治疗炎症是主要因素的疾病方面的治疗潜力，如 2 型糖尿病，无论是通过使用新型合成分子还是通过调节个体的饮食。
