Ferreira Jéssica Rosset, Pereira Jorge Fernando, Turchetto Caroline, Minella Euclydes, Consoli Luciano, Delatorre Carla Andréa
Departamento de Plantas de Lavoura, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
Genet Mol Biol. 2016 Mar;39(1):86-96. doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2015-0148.
Barley is a major cereal grown widely and used in several food products, beverage production and animal fodder. Genetic diversity is a key component in breeding programs. We have analyzed the genetic diversity of barley accessions using microsatellite markers. The accessions were composed of wild and domesticated barley representing genotypes from six countries and three breeding programs in Brazil. A total of 280 alleles were detected, 36 unique to Brazilian barley. The marker Bmag120 showed the greatest polymorphism information content (PIC), with the highest mean value found on chromosome three, and the lowest on chromosomes four and six. The wild accessions presented the highest diversity followed by the foreign genotypes. Genetic analysis was performed using Principal Coordinates Analysis, UPGMA clustering, and Bayesian clustering analysis implemented in Structure. All results obtained by the different methods were similar. Loss of genetic diversity has occurred in Brazilian genotypes. The number of alleles detected in genotypes released in 1980s was higher, whereas most of the cultivars released thereafter showed lower PIC and clustered in separate subgroups from the older cultivars. The use of a more diverse panel of genotypes should be considered in order to exploit novel alleles in Brazilian barley breeding programs.
大麦是一种广泛种植的主要谷物，用于多种食品、饮料生产和动物饲料。遗传多样性是育种计划的关键组成部分。我们使用微卫星标记分析了大麦种质的遗传多样性。这些种质包括野生和驯化大麦，代表了来自六个国家的基因型以及巴西的三个育种计划。总共检测到280个等位基因，其中36个是巴西大麦特有的。标记Bmag120显示出最大的多态性信息含量（PIC），在第三条染色体上的平均值最高，在第四条和第六条染色体上最低。野生种质的多样性最高，其次是国外基因型。使用主坐标分析、UPGMA聚类和Structure中实施的贝叶斯聚类分析进行遗传分析。不同方法获得的所有结果都相似。巴西基因型发生了遗传多样性丧失。20世纪80年代发布的基因型中检测到的等位基因数量较高，而此后发布的大多数品种显示出较低的PIC，并与较老的品种聚集在不同的亚组中。为了在巴西大麦育种计划中利用新的等位基因，应考虑使用更多样化的基因型组合。
