Opperdoes Fred R, Butenko Anzhelika, Flegontov Pavel, Yurchenko Vyacheslav, Lukeš Julius
de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium.
Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic.
J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2016 Sep;63(5):657-78. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12315. Epub 2016 Apr 20.
Comparison of the genomes of free-living Bodo saltans and those of parasitic trypanosomatids reveals that the transition from a free-living to a parasitic life style has resulted in the loss of approximately 50% of protein-coding genes. Despite this dramatic reduction in genome size, B. saltans and trypanosomatids still share a significant number of common metabolic traits: glycosomes; a unique set of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway genes; an ATP-PFK which is homologous to the bacterial PPi -PFKs rather than to the canonical eukaryotic ATP-PFKs; an alternative oxidase; three phosphoglycerate kinases and two GAPDH isoenzymes; a pyruvate kinase regulated by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate; trypanothione as a substitute for glutathione; synthesis of fatty acids via a unique set of elongase enzymes; and a mitochondrial acetate:succinate coenzyme A transferase. B. saltans has lost the capacity to synthesize ubiquinone. Among genes that are present in B. saltans and lost in all trypanosomatids are those involved in the degradation of mureine, tryptophan and lysine. Novel acquisitions of trypanosomatids are components of pentose sugar metabolism, pteridine reductase and bromodomain-factor proteins. In addition, only the subfamily Leishmaniinae has acquired a gene for catalase and the capacity to convert diaminopimelic acid to lysine.
对自由生活的波豆虫（Bodo saltans）和寄生锥虫的基因组进行比较后发现，从自由生活向寄生生活方式的转变导致约50%的蛋白质编码基因丢失。尽管基因组大小显著减小，但波豆虫和锥虫仍共享大量共同的代谢特征：糖体；一组独特的嘧啶生物合成途径基因；一种与细菌焦磷酸 - 磷酸果糖激酶（PPi -PFKs）同源而非与典型真核ATP - 磷酸果糖激酶（ATP -PFKs）同源的ATP - 磷酸果糖激酶；一种交替氧化酶；三种磷酸甘油酸激酶和两种甘油醛 - 3 - 磷酸脱氢酶同工酶；一种受果糖 - 2,6 - 二磷酸调节的丙酮酸激酶；用锥虫硫醇替代谷胱甘肽；通过一组独特的延长酶合成脂肪酸；以及一种线粒体乙酸：琥珀酸辅酶A转移酶。波豆虫已丧失合成泛醌的能力。在波豆虫中存在而在所有锥虫中丢失的基因包括参与胞壁质、色氨酸和赖氨酸降解的基因。锥虫新获得的基因包括戊糖代谢、蝶啶还原酶和溴结构域因子蛋白的成分。此外，只有利什曼原虫亚科获得了一个过氧化氢酶基因以及将二氨基庚二酸转化为赖氨酸的能力。
