Jahangiri Mehdi, Rostamabadi Akbar, Malekzadeh Gholamreza, Sadi Amin Fahandej, Hamzavi Golnar, Rasooli Javad, Momeni Zahra, Ghaem Haleh
Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.
J Occup Health. 2016 May 25;58(2):201-8. doi: 10.1539/joh.15-0016-OA. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
This study aimed to determine the extent of implementation of occupational safety and health measures in micro-scale enterprises (MSEs) and to assess the prevalence of occupational injuries and accidents and its relationship with occupational safety and health measures provided in the MSEs.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 595 of MSEs. An index called the Safety and Health Requirement Index (SHRI) was created and used to calculate the percentage of provided occupational safety and health measures. The relationship between the SHRI and the occurrence of occupational accidents and injuries was investigated with the independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA.
The mean SHRI score was 60.43%, which was categorized into moderate level. Of the 30.9% of enterprises that had experienced accidents and injuries, the most common types of injuries were musculoskeletal disorders and cuts, and the least common types were pulmonary and hearing problems. Results of one-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant relationship between the mean SHRI score and industrial branch, enterprise size, and type of accident and injury. The independent samples t-test showed that the occurrence of occupational accidents and injuries was not significantly influenced by provided health and safety measures in MSEs.
Given the high percentage of enterprises with very poor to poor levels for the SHRI and the high prevalence of occupational accidents and injuries among the studied MSEs, feasible protective strategies and job safety training programs are required to promote occupational health and safety in the studied MSEs.
本研究旨在确定微型企业（MSEs）中职业安全与健康措施的实施程度，并评估职业伤害和事故的发生率及其与微型企业所提供的职业安全与健康措施之间的关系。
对595家微型企业进行了横断面研究。创建了一个名为安全与健康要求指数（SHRI）的指标，并用于计算所提供的职业安全与健康措施的百分比。使用独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析研究了SHRI与职业事故和伤害发生之间的关系。
SHRI的平均得分是60.43%，被归类为中等水平。在经历过事故和伤害的企业中，30.9%的企业中最常见的伤害类型是肌肉骨骼疾病和割伤，最不常见的类型是肺部和听力问题。单因素方差分析结果显示，SHRI平均得分与行业分支、企业规模以及事故和伤害类型之间存在统计学上的显著关系。独立样本t检验表明，微型企业所提供的健康和安全措施对职业事故和伤害的发生没有显著影响。
鉴于SHRI得分极低至低水平的企业比例很高，且在所研究的微型企业中职业事故和伤害的发生率很高，需要可行的保护策略和职业安全培训计划来促进所研究的微型企业中的职业健康和安全。
